Coccolithophore export production, species composition, and coccolith-CaCO3 fluxes in the NE Atlantic ( and )

Broerse, Alexandra T.C.; Ziveri, Patrizia; Hinte, J.E. van; Honjo, Susumu

doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(00)00010-2

Cited by 114 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…At present, uncertainties remain regarding the bloom development of coccolithophores, and contribution to the export of POC and CaCO 3 to depth. Attempts to estimate carbon production and export have been done recently (Beaufort and Heussner, 1999;Broerse et al, 2000;Fernández et al, 1993;Foster and Shimmield, 2002;Graziano et al, 2000;Gregg and Casey, 2007;Lipsen et al, 2007;Ziveri et al, 2007), but, to our knowledge, this is only the second study that uses 234 Th as a proxy for POC and PIC export specifically during coccolithophore blooms. However, improvements in the estimation of POC and PIC export during coccolithophore blooms are needed not only to understand the present C/P ratio, but also to help understand future sequestration of organic and inorganic carbon to the deep ocean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle export during a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North-West European continental margin

Schmidt

Harlay

Borges

et al. 2013

Journal of Marine Systems

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Coccolithophores, the dominant pelagic calcifiers in the oceans, play a key role in the marine carbon cycle through calcification, primary production and carbon export, the main drivers of the biological CO 2 pump. In May 2002 a cruise was conducted on the outer shelf of the North-West European continental margin, from the north Bay of Biscay to the Celtic Sea (47.0°-50.5°N, 5.0°-11.0°W), an area where massive blooms of Emiliania huxleyi are observed annually. Biogeochemical variables including primary production, calcification, partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), particle load, particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC, PIC) and 234 Th, were measured in surface waters to assess particle dynamic and carbon export in relation to the development of a coccolithophore bloom. We observed a marked northward decrease in Chl-a concentration and calcification rates: the bloom exhibited lower values and may be less well developed in the Goban Spur area. The export fluxes of POC and PIC from the top 80 m, determined using the ratios of POC and PIC to 234 Th of particles, ranged from 81 to 323 mg C m − 2 d − 1 and from 30 to 84 mg C m − 2 d − 1 , respectively. The highest fluxes were observed in waters presenting a well-developed coccolithophore bloom, as shown by high reflectance of surface waters. This experiment confirms that the occurrence of coccolithophores promotes efficient export of organic and inorganic carbon on the North-West European margin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle export during a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North-West European continental margin

Schmidt

Harlay

Borges

et al. 2013

Journal of Marine Systems

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“…At NABE, a typical seasonal succession pattern consists of low phytoplankton abundance in winter, a spring bloom of diatoms with a subsequent bloom of non-diatom phytoplankton, often coccolithophorids (Emiliania huxleyi) and other flagellates (Lochte et al, 1993;Savidge et al, 1995;Broerse et al, 2000). The model predicts this seasonal succession pattern with the diatom bloom in spring followed by the coccolithophore and flagellate blooms later in the summer (Fig.…”

Section: North Atlantic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 91%

Multi-nutrient, multi-group model of present and future oceanic phytoplankton communities

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Phytoplankton community composition profoundly affects patterns of nutrient cycling and the dynamics of marine food webs; therefore predicting present and future phytoplankton community structure is crucial to understand how ocean ecosystems respond to physical forcing and nutrient limitations. We develop a mechanistic model of phytoplankton communities that includes multiple taxonomic groups (diatoms, coccolithophores and prasinophytes), nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, silicate and iron), light, and a generalist zooplankton grazer. Each taxonomic group was parameterized based on an extensive literature survey. We test the model at two contrasting sites in the modern ocean, the North Atlantic (North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, NABE) and subarctic North Pacific (ocean station Papa, OSP). The model successfully predicts general patterns of community composition and succession at both sites: In the North Atlantic, the model predicts a spring diatom bloom, followed by coccolithophore and prasinophyte blooms later in the season. In the North Pacific, the model reproduces the low chlorophyll community dominated by prasinophytes and coccolithophores, with low total biomass variability and high nutrient concentrations throughout the year. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the identity of the most sensitive parameters and the range of acceptable parameters differed between the two sites. We then use the model to predict community reorganization under different global change scenarios: a later onset and extended duration of stratification, with shallower mixed layer depths due to increased greenhouse gas concentrations; increase in deep water nitrogen; decrease in deep water phosphorus and increase or decrease in iron concentration. To estimate uncertainty in our predictions, we used a Monte Carlo sampling of the parameter space where future scenarios were run using parameter combinations that produced acceptable modern day outcomes and the robustCorrespondence to: E. Litchman (litchman@msu.edu) ness of the predictions was determined. Change in the onset and duration of stratification altered the timing and the magnitude of the spring diatom bloom in the North Atlantic and increased total phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass in the North Pacific. Changes in nutrient concentrations in some cases changed dominance patterns of major groups, as well as total chlorophyll and zooplankton biomass. Based on these scenarios, our model suggests that global environmental change will inevitably alter phytoplankton community structure and potentially impact global biogeochemical cycles.

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“…Coccoliths in sinking particles captured in sediment trap samples may be contained in faecal pellets and/or phytoplankton aggregates. To improve the efficiency of size fraction separation by sieving it is necessary to oxidize the samples to disaggregate particles and retrieve the entire carbonate fine fraction (Bairbakhish et al, 1999;Broerse et al, 2000;Stoll et al, 2007). The 1/80 aliquots were placed in a 50 mL centrifugation tube for the oxidation steps using a method adapted from Bairbakhish et al (1999).…”

Section: Calcium Analyses In the Bulk And Fine Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planktic foraminifer and coccolith contribution to carbonate export fluxes over the central Kerguelen Plateau

Rembauville

Meilland

Ziveri

et al. 2016

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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a b s t r a c tWe report the contribution of planktic foraminifers and coccoliths to the particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) export fluxes collected over an annual cycle (October 2011/September 2012) on the central Kerguelen Plateau in the Antarctic Zone (AAZ) south of the Polar Front (PF). The seasonality of PIC flux was decoupled from surface chlorophyll a concentration and particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes and was characterized by a late summer (February) maximum. This peak was concomitant with the highest satellite-derived sea surface PIC and corresponded to a Emiliania huxleyi coccoliths export event that accounted for 85% of the annual PIC export. The foraminifer contribution to the annual PIC flux was much lower (15%) and dominated by Turborotalita quinqueloba and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. Foraminifer export fluxes were closely related to the surface chlorophyll a concentration, suggesting food availability as an important factor regulating the foraminifer's biomass. We compared size-normalized test weight (SNW) of the foraminifers with previously published SNW from the Crozet Islands using the same methodology and found no significant difference in SNW between sites for a given species. However, the SNW was significantly species-specific with a threefold increase from T. quinqueloba to Globigerina bulloides. The annual PIC:POC molar ratio of 0.07 was close to the mean ratio for the global ocean and lead to a low carbonate counter pump effect ( $ 5%) compared to a previous study north of the PF (6-32%). We suggest that lowers counter pump effect south of the PF despite similar productivity levels is due to a dominance of coccoliths in the PIC fluxes and a difference in the foraminifers species assemblage with a predominance of polar species with lower SNW.

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Coccolithophore export production, species composition, and coccolith-CaCO3 fluxes in the NE Atlantic ( and )

Cited by 114 publications

References 45 publications

Particle export during a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North-West European continental margin

Particle export during a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North-West European continental margin

Multi-nutrient, multi-group model of present and future oceanic phytoplankton communities

Planktic foraminifer and coccolith contribution to carbonate export fluxes over the central Kerguelen Plateau

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