Coccidioidomycosis in Animals

Barker, Bridget M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72093-7_4

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…However, a broad range of animals are susceptible to infection by Coccidioides fungi. Severe or disseminated infections are mainly reported in pet dogs (Barker 2018).…”

Section: Coccidioidomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: infections caused by dimorphic fungi and dermatophytoses

et al. 2021

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Fungal infections are still underappreciated and their prevalence is underestimated, which renders them a serious public health problem. Realistic discussions about their distribution, symptoms, and control can improve management and diagnosis and contribute to refinement of preventive actions using currently available tools. This article represents an overview of dermatophytes and endemic fungi that cause infections in humans and animals. In addition, the impact of climate change on the fungal spread is discussed. The endemic fungal infections characterized in this article include coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, lobomycosis, emergomycosis and sporotrichosis. Moreover the geographic distribution of these fungi, which are known to be climate sensitive and/or limited to endemic tropical and subtropical areas, is highlighted. In turn, dermatophytes cause superficial fungal infections of skin, hairs and nails, which are the most prevalent mycoses worldwide with a high economic burden. Therefore, the possibility of causing zoonoses and reverse zoonoses by dermatophytes is highly important. In conclusion, the article illustrates the current issues of the epidemiology and distribution of fungal diseases, emphasizing the lack of public programmes for prevention and control of these types of infection.

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“…However, a broad range of animals are susceptible to infection by Coccidioides fungi. Severe or disseminated infections are mainly reported in pet dogs (Barker 2018).…”

Section: Coccidioidomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: infections caused by dimorphic fungi and dermatophytoses

et al. 2021

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“…However, uncertainty in climate projections is only one of the several different types of uncertainty limiting our ability to predict Valley fever endemicity. (Barker, 2018;Taylor & Barker, 2019), variations in ecological traits and ecosystems linked to different species of Coccidioides (Barker et al, 2012;Colson et al, 2017), and microbial competition (Lauer et al, 2019) will need further consideration for integration into both mechanistic and statistical models of disease incidence. This will be especially important if we learn that different Coccidioides species have different virulence and tolerances for environmental controls, as this could affect the dispersal of disease and health impacts caused by climate change.…”

Section: 1029/2019gh000209mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of Coccidioidomycosis Endemic Regions in the United States in Response to Climate Change

et al. 2019

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Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) is a fungal disease endemic to the southwestern United States. Across this region, temperature and precipitation influence the extent of the endemic region and number of Valley fever cases. Climate projections for the western United States indicate that temperatures will increase and precipitation patterns will shift, which may alter disease dynamics. We estimated the area potentially endemic to Valley fever using a climate niche model derived from contemporary climate and disease incidence data. We then used our model with projections of climate from Earth system models to assess how endemic areas will change during the 21st century. By 2100 in a high warming scenario, our model predicts that the area of climate‐limited endemicity will more than double, the number of affected states will increase from 12 to 17, and the number of Valley fever cases will increase by 50%. The Valley fever endemic region will expand north into dry western states, including Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota. Precipitation will limit the disease from spreading into states farther east and along the central and northern Pacific coast. This is the first quantitative estimate of how climate change may influence Valley fever in the United States. Our predictive model of Valley fever endemicity may provide guidance to public health officials to establish disease surveillance programs and design mitigation efforts to limit the impacts of this disease.

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“…Approximately 200 people in the US die each year from coccidioidomycosis [1]. Coccidioidomycosis can infect a variety of animals, and has been reported in wildlife (e.g., rodents, armadillos, mountain lions, dolphins, sea lions); livestock (e.g., pigs, cattle, sheep, and llamas); companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, horses); and non-native animals in captivity (e.g., primates, Coccidioidomycosis can infect a variety of animals, and has been reported in wildlife (e.g., rodents, armadillos, mountain lions, dolphins, sea lions); livestock (e.g., pigs, cattle, sheep, and llamas); companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, horses); and non-native animals in captivity (e.g., primates, tigers, rhinoceros, kangaroo) [5]. There are currently two species of Coccidioides defined: C. immitis and C. posadasii, though no clinical differences have been noted between the species [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advocating for Coccidioidomycosis to Be a Reportable Disease Nationwide in the United States and Encouraging Disease Surveillance across North and South America

Gorris

Ardon‐Dryer

Campuzano

et al. 2023

JoF

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Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) has been a known health threat in the United States (US) since the 1930s, though not all states are currently required to report disease cases. Texas, one of the non-reporting states, is an example of where both historical and contemporary scientific evidence define the region as endemic, but we don’t know disease incidence in the state. Mandating coccidioidomycosis as a reportable disease across more US states would increase disease awareness, improve clinical outcomes, and help antifungal drug and vaccine development. It would also increase our understanding of where the disease is endemic and the relationships between environmental conditions and disease cases. This is true for other nations in North and South America that are also likely endemic for coccidioidomycosis, especially Mexico. This commentary advocates for US state and territory epidemiologists to define coccidioidomycosis as a reportable disease and encourages disease surveillance in other endemic regions across North and South America in order to protect human health and reduce disease burden.

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Coccidioidomycosis in Animals

Cited by 6 publications

References 187 publications

A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: infections caused by dimorphic fungi and dermatophytoses

A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: infections caused by dimorphic fungi and dermatophytoses

Expansion of Coccidioidomycosis Endemic Regions in the United States in Response to Climate Change

Advocating for Coccidioidomycosis to Be a Reportable Disease Nationwide in the United States and Encouraging Disease Surveillance across North and South America

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