Coccidioidomycosis among persons undergoing lung transplantation in the coccidioidal endemic region

Chaudhary, Sachin; Meinke, Laura; Ateeli, Huthayfa; Knox, Kenneth S.; Raz, Yuval; Ampel, Neil M.

doi:10.1111/tid.12713

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In addition, the incidence of coccidioidal infection during the first year was reported at 4.2% after liver transplantation [26] and as 5.8% among lung transplant recipients [27]. In addition, there have been recent reports of an overall increase in the incidence of coccidioidomycosis that may be due to several factors such as an increase in the number of immunosuppressed patients, including organ transplant recipients living in the endemic area [28].…”

Section: How To Minimize the Risk Of Coccidioidomycosis In Solid Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of coccidioidomycosis is estimated at 3.8% to 6.9% in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients during the early transplantation period, based on published reports of kidney and heart transplant recipients at 3 medical centers in Arizona from 1960 to 2000 [ 24 , 25 ]. In addition, the incidence of coccidioidal infection during the first year was reported at 4.2% after liver transplantation [ 26 ] and as 5.8% among lung transplant recipients [ 27 ]. In addition, there have been recent reports of an overall increase in the incidence of coccidioidomycosis that may be due to several factors such as an increase in the number of immunosuppressed patients, including organ transplant recipients living in the endemic area [ 28 ].…”

Section: How To Minimize the Risk Of Coccidioidomycosis In Solid Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Endemic Mycoses After Solid Organ Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review

Abad,

Razonable

2024

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Geographically endemic fungi can cause significant disease among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We provide an update on the epidemiology, clinical presentation and outcomes of 5 endemic mycoses in SOT recipients. Methods Multiple databases were reviewed from inception through May 2023 using key words for endemic fungi (e.g. Coccidioidomycosis or Coccidioides, Histoplasmosis or histoplasma, etc.). We included adult SOT recipients and publications in English or with English translation. Results Among 16 cohort studies that reported on blastomycosis (n=3), coccidioidomycosis (n=5), histoplasmosis (n=4), and various endemic mycoses (n=4), the incidence rates varied: coccidioidomycosis (1.2-5.8%); blastomycosis (0.14-0.99%) and histoplasmosis (0.4-1.1%). There were 204 reports that described 268 unique cases of endemic mycoses, including 172 histoplasmosis, 31 blastomycosis, 34 coccidioidomycosis, 6 paracoccidioidomycosis, and 25 talaromycosis. The majority of patients were male (176/261, 67.4%). Transplanted allografts were mostly kidney (191/268, 71.3%), followed by liver (n=39, 14.6%), heart (n=18, 6.7%), lung (n=13, 4.9%), combined kidney-liver, and kidney-pancreas (n=6, 2.7%). In all five endemic mycoses, most patients presented with fever (162/232, 69.8%) and disseminated disease (179/268, 66.8%). Cytopenias were frequently reported for histoplasmosis (71/91, 78.0%), coccidioidomycosis (8/11, 72.7%) and talaromycosis (7/8, 87.5%). Graft loss was reported in 12/136 patients (8.8%). All-cause mortality was reported in 71/267 (26.6%); half (n=34, 50%) of the deaths were related to the underlying mycoses. Conclusions Endemic mycoses commonly present with fever, cytopenias and disseminated disease in SOT recipients. There is a relatively high rate of all-cause mortality, including many that were attributed to endemic mycoses.

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“… 103 Some experts recommend lifelong suppressive therapy in lung transplant recipients in the endemic. 103 , 158 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive fungal infections in liver diseases

Barros,

Rosenblatt,

Phipps

et al. 2023

Hepatology Communications

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Patients with liver diseases, including decompensated cirrhosis, alcohol-associated hepatitis, and liver transplant recipients are at increased risk of acquiring invasive fungal infections (IFIs). These infections carry high morbidity and mortality. Multiple factors, including host immune dysfunction, barrier failures, malnutrition, and microbiome alterations, increase the risk of developing IFI. Candida remains the most common fungal pathogen causing IFI. However, other pathogens, including Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Pneumocystis, and endemic mycoses, are being increasingly recognized. The diagnosis of IFIs can be ascertained by the direct observation or isolation of the pathogen (culture, histopathology, and cytopathology) or by detecting antigens, antibodies, or nucleic acid. Here, we provide an update on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of IFI in patients with liver disease and liver transplantation.

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Coccidioidomycosis among persons undergoing lung transplantation in the coccidioidal endemic region

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Top Questions in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis

Top Questions in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Endemic Mycoses After Solid Organ Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review

Invasive fungal infections in liver diseases

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