Cocaine use and risky injection and sexual behaviors

Hudgins, Rebekah; McCusker, Jane; Stoddard, Anne M.

doi:10.1016/0376-8716(94)01060-x

Cited by 110 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A relatively high proportion of participants (44%) reported recent (last 90 days) cocaine use. Research suggests that opiate users who use cocaine can be distinguished from other opiate users in a number of respects; higher frequency of injecting and sexual risk behaviour (Hudgins, McCusker, & Stoddard, 1995), greater involvement in crime (Grella, Anglin, & Wugalter, 1997), more alcohol use (Boys, Dobson, Marsden, & Strang, 2002), more physical and psychological health problems (Foltin & Fischman, 1998) and increased risk of contracting HIV or other blood-borne infectious diseases ( Joe & Simpson, 1995). High levels of cocaine use at treatment intake have also been shown to be an independent predictor of poor treatment outcomes for opiate users and pose a significant risk for relapse (Gossop et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of opiate users presenting for a new treatment episode: Baseline data from the national drug treatment outcome study in Ireland (ROSIE)

Cox

Comiskey

2007

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

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Aim:The Research Outcome Study in Ireland (ROSIE) is the first large-scale, prospective, multisite, drug treatment outcome study in Ireland. Method: Using a structured questionnaire, the substance use, health, crime and social problems of 404 opiate users were assessed at treatment intake (6 months, 1 year and 3 years later). Findings: While the majority of study participants were opiate users, poly-drug use was the norm (76%, n=308). Most participants had a history of injecting drug use (77%, n=308), however only 42% (n=170) reported injecting in the preceding 90 days. Participants reported a range of mental and physical health complaints and extensive contact with social care services. High crime rates were observed. Analysis revealed differences in the characteristics and substance use of participants across treatment modality. Conclusions:The range and severity of problems affecting individuals commencing treatment for their problem drug use highlights the complex needs of the cohort. These problems create substantial costs for providers of social care services in Ireland and can affect treatment outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of opiate users presenting for a new treatment episode: Baseline data from the national drug treatment outcome study in Ireland (ROSIE)

Cox

Comiskey

2007

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

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“…Co-use of opioid drugs and cocaine has been documented in a number of countries and its prevalence is found to be high both in untreated individuals and in individuals in methadone maintenance (see Leri et al, 2002 for a review). The negative health and social consequences of cocaine use by opioid-dependent individuals are severe, particularly when cocaine is used intravenously (Bux et al, 1995;Schottenfeld et al, 1993;Grella et al, 1997;Hausser et al, 1999;Hudgins et al, 1995;Perez et al, 1997;Schutz et al, 1994). In fact, because of its short half-life, the frequency of injection is high (Bux et al, 1995;Hudgins et al, 1995;Joe and Simpson, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negative health and social consequences of cocaine use by opioid-dependent individuals are severe, particularly when cocaine is used intravenously (Bux et al, 1995;Schottenfeld et al, 1993;Grella et al, 1997;Hausser et al, 1999;Hudgins et al, 1995;Perez et al, 1997;Schutz et al, 1994). In fact, because of its short half-life, the frequency of injection is high (Bux et al, 1995;Hudgins et al, 1995;Joe and Simpson, 1995). Frequent injections and sharing of syringes (Grella et al, 1995;Hudgins et al, 1995;Joe and Simpson, 1995;Dolan et al, 1987) increase the risk of contracting HIV or other bloodborne infectious diseases (Bickel and Kelly, 1988;Hudgins et al, 1995;Joe and Simpson, 1995;Torrens et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, because of its short half-life, the frequency of injection is high (Bux et al, 1995;Hudgins et al, 1995;Joe and Simpson, 1995). Frequent injections and sharing of syringes (Grella et al, 1995;Hudgins et al, 1995;Joe and Simpson, 1995;Dolan et al, 1987) increase the risk of contracting HIV or other bloodborne infectious diseases (Bickel and Kelly, 1988;Hudgins et al, 1995;Joe and Simpson, 1995;Torrens et al, 1991). In addition, cocaine use, whether intravenous or smoked in the form of crack, inevitably makes the drug habit more expensive (Hunt et al, 1984;Strug et al, 1985) leading to income-generating strategies that often include crime (Bickel and Kelly, 1988;Grella et al, 1997;Strug et al, 1985) and sex trade (Grella et al, 1995;Joe and Simpson, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Cocaine in Rats Exposed to Heroin

Leri

Flores

Rajabi

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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We investigated whether chronic exposure to heroin alters responses to cocaine in ways that might explain the use of cocaine by opioid addicts. To this end, the effects of cocaine (5 and 20 mg/kg) were assessed on locomotor activity of rats chronically exposed to heroin (0.0, 3.5, 7.0, and 14.0 mg/kg/day, over 14 days, via osmotic mini-pumps), or withdrawn from heroin (1 day, acute withdrawal, and 14 days, protracted withdrawal). Chronic heroin exposure, in itself, dose dependently increased locomotion and acute cocaine administration further elevated locomotor activity in a dose-dependent and additive manner. During acute withdrawal, there was a dosedependent decrease in locomotion that was reversed by cocaine in a dose-dependent manner. During protracted withdrawal, spontaneous locomotion normalized, but rats previously exposed to heroin displayed cross-sensitization to cocaine as indicated by small, but significant, enhanced locomotor response to 5 mg/kg of cocaine, and enhanced intravenous self-administration of low doses of cocaine (0.13 mg/kg/infusion). In a separate study, we measured extracellular dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) using in vivo microdialysis before and after acute withdrawal from heroin. During chronic exposure to heroin, basal extracellular DA was elevated dose dependently, whereas in acute withdrawal, levels were not different from those in vehicle-treated rats. In response to cocaine, however, DA activity in the Acb was significantly lower in rats withdrawn from the highest dose of heroin.

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“…Drug use is a determinant of high-risk behavior and infection, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and substantial proportions of the US prison population report a history of heavy drug and alcohol use. 48 The effect of incarceration on STI/HIV risk may differ by drug use status.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%