Cocaine transiently impairs maternal behavior in the rat.

Vernotica, Ellen M.; Lisciotto, Christine A.; Rosenblatt, Jay S.; Morrell, Joan I.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.110.2.315

Cited by 54 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The acute effects of the intermittent treatment appear to be the stronger factor in the overall behavioral effects, as the majority of significant differences seen in the original dams on PPD eight were specific to the IC-treated dams (IC group) and indicated a reduction in aggression towards the intruder similar to that seen in acutely treated dams. Cocaine-induced hyperactivity likely plays a role in the reduction of aggressive and maternal behaviors in intermittently treated dams, whereas increased activity does not appear to be significant in CC-induced hyperaggressiveness or decreased maternal behavior (Johns et al 1994b;Kinsley et al 1994;Vernotica et al 1996a). We did not, however, see increased defensiveness in the intermittently treated dams nor have we seen this effect in acutely treated dams, but it has been reported as an effect in non-lactating rats acutely exposed to cocaine (Blanchard and Blanchard 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research from several laboratories has reported that chronic and acute cocaine treatment alter MA, sometimes in a dose-dependent fashion (Heyser et al 1992;Johns et al 1994bJohns et al , 1998bVernotica et al 1996a;Lubin et al 2001). Chronic cocaine (CC) treatment has been shown to increase MA significantly by PPD six (Johns et al 1994b) and under certain conditions PPD 10 (Heyser et al 1992), while acute treatment has been shown to decrease it (Johns et al 1994b;Vernotica et al 1996b;Johns et al 1998b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

McMurray

Joyner

Middleton

et al. 2008

Stress

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Gestational cocaine treatment results in significantly increased maternal aggression towards an intruder by postpartum day six, while acute postpartum treatment dose dependently decreases maternal aggressive (MA) behavior. Both increased and decreased aggression in the cocainetreated dams are correlated with either decreased or increased levels of oxytocin in the amygdala, respectively. The current study was an effort to determine whether the effect of gestational cocaine on maternal aggression is transient or would continue into the postpartum period; whether an intermittent cocaine treatment regimen, which incorporates gestational and postpartum intermittent cocaine treatment, would differ from chronic daily gestational treatment; and finally, whether next generation female offspring of cocaine-treated or control dams would have altered MA behavior and oxytocin system changes attributable to either prenatal drug exposure, rearing condition or both. We now report no increase in maternal aggression following chronic gestational treatment and significantly lower levels of aggression in intermittently treated dams on postpartum day eight, with no significant effects in either group on postpartum day 12. Young adult female offspring of the cocaine-treated and control dams, who reared their own natural litters and were tested on postpartum day eight for maternal aggression, had higher levels of maternal aggression towards an intruder attributable to both prenatal cocaine exposure and rearing condition. Higher aggression in cocaine-reared next generation dams was associated with lower levels of oxytocin in the amygdala. Intergenerational effects of cocaine were apparent with respect to aggression and oxytocin system changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

McMurray

Joyner

Middleton

et al. 2008

Stress

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The intermittent schedule was modeled after a previous study examining behavioral effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on offspring [19] and is designed to model intermittent usage patterns in humans. The IC treatment regimen was employed in addition to the CC treatment as previous research indicated differences in maternal behavior following either acute or intermittent cocaine treatment in dams [20,23,25,50,55] accompanied by differences in oxytocin (OT) system dynamics following the different treatment regimens [7,22]. UN dams were weighed and handled daily, but received no drug treatment.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is probable that drug-induced maternal neglect has detrimental effects on the future social and parental behavior of adult children, especially given that many of these children are also prenatally exposed to cocaine. Previous reports using animal models found that gestational and postpartum cocaine treatment cause significant delays and disruptions in various aspects of early maternal behavior in the treated rat dam [16,17,20,23,25,39,50,55] and that rearing condition as well as prenatal cocaine exposure has detrimental effects on the onset of maternal behavior in next generation female offspring [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine disrupts pup-induced maternal behavior in juvenile and adult rats

Johns

McMurray

Hofler

et al. 2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Impaired onset of maternal behavior in first generation rat dams was previously correlated with rearing by cocaine-treated dams and prenatal cocaine exposure. Pup-induced maternal behavior in non-lactating rats has not been examined with regard to cocaine exposure and rearing conditions. First generation male and female juveniles and young adult males reared by cocaine-treated or control dams and prenatally exposed to either cocaine or control conditions were tested for pup-induced maternal behavior at postnatal days 28 and 60. We now report disruptions in pup-induced maternal behavior in both 28 and 60 day old first generation offspring attributable to rearing condition and prenatal cocaine exposure.

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“…Gestational cocaine treatment has been shown to disrupt multiple aspects of early postpartum maternal behavior dose dependently Vernotica et al, 1996). These behavioral alterations have been associated with decreased oxytocin levels in some of the brain structures implicated in maternal behavior and/or maternal aggressive behavior, including the medial preoptic area, ventral tegmental area, and hippocampus (Johns et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of gestational cocaine treatment or prenatal cocaine exposure on early postpartum oxytocin mRNA levels and receptor binding in the rat

et al. 2008

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Prior research reported decreased oxytocin levels in specific brain regions correlated with disruptions in maternal care following gestational cocaine treatment in rats. Similarly, prenatal exposure to cocaine impaired subsequent maternal behavior in adulthood, but behavioral alterations were not associated with decreases in oxytocin levels in the same brain regions as were found in their cocainetreated rat dams. To determine if other aspects of the oxytocin system are disrupted by cocaine treatment or prenatal exposure to cocaine during critical time points associated with maternal care, oxytocin mRNA transcription and receptor binding were examined on postpartum day two in relevant brain regions following gestational treatment with, or prenatal exposure to, either cocaine or saline. We hypothesized that oxytocin mRNA levels and receptor binding would be differentially affected by cocaine in the early postpartum period of dams and their offspring. Our findings indicate that gestational cocaine treatment resulted in significant increases in oxytocin mRNA levels in only the paraventricular nucleus of cocaine-treated dams, with almost significant increases in both generations in the supraoptic nucleus, but no significant effects of cocaine on receptor binding in either generation of dams. These findings indicate that in addition to oxytocin levels, cocaine treatment or prenatal exposure primarily affects oxytocin mRNA synthesis, with little effect on receptor binding in specific brain regions associated with maternal behavior in the early postpartum period of the rat.

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Cocaine transiently impairs maternal behavior in the rat.

Cited by 54 publications

References 46 publications

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

Cocaine disrupts pup-induced maternal behavior in juvenile and adult rats

Impact of gestational cocaine treatment or prenatal cocaine exposure on early postpartum oxytocin mRNA levels and receptor binding in the rat

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