Cocaine, nicotine, and their conditioned contexts enhance consolidation of object memory in rats

Wolter, Michael; Huff, Andrew E.; Speigel, Talia; Winters, Boyer D.; Leri, Francesco

doi:10.1101/lm.048579.118

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Contextual conditioning was conducted in six semitransparent Plexiglas compartments (30 × 40 × 26 cm) as described by Wolter et al 3,7 Locomotion was measured by automatic video tracking (EthoVision v3, Noldus, The Netherlands).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One aspect of direct drug reinforcement is the enhancement of consolidation of memories for stimuli and behaviors linked to drug intake 2 . In fact, experimental posttraining administration of drugs of abuse such as alcohol, opioids, cocaine, nicotine, and amphetamine can improve the performance of various learning tasks 3–7 . Interestingly, it is possible that the persistence of behaviors aimed at avoiding the highly aversive affective state of drug withdrawal (hyperkatifeia) 8 also involves an action on memory consolidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As well, opioid withdrawal stimulates the release stress hormones 13,14 and facilitates cholinergic neurotransmission, 15 also key processes involved in the stabilization of memory traces 12 . Finally, considering that opioid withdrawal can be triggered by environmental stimuli that have been consistently paired with this state 16,17 and that posttraining exposure to environments paired with the effects of drug reinforcers enhances memory consolidation, 3,7 it is conceivable that conditioned withdrawal could also enhance memory consolidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first objective of this study was to ascertain whether acute precipitated morphine withdrawal could impact consolidation of memory tested by the spontaneous object recognition (OR) task. This task is based on rodents' innate preference to explore novel versus familiar objects 18 and was chosen because of its sensitivity to posttraining administration of cocaine, nicotine, and heroin 3,7 . The second objective was to ascertain whether a context paired with instances of acute precipitated morphine withdrawal could also impact OR memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of morphine withdrawal and conditioned withdrawal on memory consolidation and c‐Fos expression in the central amygdala

et al. 2020

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The current study tested the hypothesis that drug withdrawal contributes to the addiction cycle in part because of an action on memory consolidation. Hence, four experiments in male Sprague–Dawley rats compared the effects of precipitated morphine withdrawal and conditioned morphine withdrawal on the consolidation of object memory and on activation of c‐Fos in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). It was found that immediate, but not 6 h delayed, post sample administration of 3 mg/kg of naltrexone significantly enhanced object memory in rats maintained, or previously maintained, on 10 mg/kg/day of morphine via osmotic minipumps. To establish whether conditioned withdrawal could also alter object memory, a contextual conditioning procedure was employed whereby morphine‐maintained (10 mg/kg/day) animals received naltrexone (3 mg/kg) in a distinctive context (CS+) and vehicle in a separate context (CS−) for 10 days. During conditioning in the CS+, naltrexone suppressed locomotor activity, caused a rapid body weight loss and increased frequency of wet dog shakes. Interestingly, confinement to this CS+ immediately, but not 6 h, after the sample phase, also enhanced object memory. Finally, posttraining naltrexone and exposure to the CS+ both induced significant expression of c‐Fos in the CeA. Therefore, this study reports for the first time that both acute precipitated withdrawal and conditioned withdrawal can facilitate memory consolidation, possibly through a common neural pathway that involves the central amygdala.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of morphine withdrawal and conditioned withdrawal on memory consolidation and c‐Fos expression in the central amygdala

et al. 2020

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“…Several studies have shown that objects or situations that are associated in the addict's memory with the object of his or her addiction will arouse the desires and cravings that originally accompanied the addiction, even years after the addict was presumed to have overcome the addiction (Conklin, 2006;Siegel, 1999). A former drug addict, for example, may begin to experience such cravings when seeing drug paraphernalia or watching a movie with scenes of people using drugs (University of Guelph, 2019;Wolter, Huff, Speigel, Winters, & Leri, 2019). In a similar way, people who have recovered from an addiction to social media (or some other form of internet addiction) may again experience a craving to engage with social media when they see others using a computer or smartphone or when they themselves use a computer or smartphone for some purpose unrelated to social media (Ko et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethics of the Attention Economy: The Problem of Social Media Addiction

Bhargava¹,

Velásquez

2020

Bus. Ethics Q.

130

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Social media companies commonly design their platforms in a way that renders them addictive. Some governments have declared internet addiction a major public health concern, and the World Health Organization has characterized excessive internet use as a growing problem. Our article shows why scholars, policy makers, and the managers of social media companies should treat social media addiction as a serious moral problem. While the benefits of social media are not negligible, we argue that social media addiction raises unique ethical concerns not raised by other, more familiar addictive products, such as alcohol and cigarettes. In particular, we argue that addicting users to social media is impermissible because it unjustifiably harms users in a way that is both demeaning and objectionably exploitative. Importantly, the attention-economy business model of social media companies strongly incentivizes them to perpetrate this wrongdoing.

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