Cocaine as a rare cause of locked-in syndrome: a case report

Ali, Osman; Bueno, Mark G.; Duong-Pham, Trinh; Gunawardhana, Nuwan; Tran, Douglas; Chow, Robert Dobbin; Verceles, Avelino C.

doi:10.1186/s13256-019-2278-2

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…LiS could also be caused by brain trauma [9], brainstem infection [10], and toxins [11]. There have been reported cases of LiS due to cocaine or heroin consumption [11][12][13]. Despite his history of cocaine use, we attribute the neurological findings in our patient to heroin use, given the typical MRI imaging for HLE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Heroin-Induced Leukoencephalopathy Leading to Locked-In Syndrome: A Case Report

Shtembari¹,

Shrestha²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Heroin-induced leukoencephalopathy (HLE) is a rare neurological sequela of heroin use. Heroin can be consumed through different routes such as inhalation, intravenous injection, and snorting. HLE cases have been reported via each route. However, heroin vapor inhalation has a higher rate of HLE and is also known as "chasing the dragon syndrome."We present a 65-year-old male who came unresponsive after heroin intoxication. During the hospital stay, he developed locked-in syndrome secondary to brain damage by HLE sequelae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Heroin-Induced Leukoencephalopathy Leading to Locked-In Syndrome: A Case Report

Shtembari¹,

Shrestha²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Cocaine. A clinical case was collected where a woman developed this disease after the abusive consumption of cocaine [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repositioning Drugs for Rare Diseases Based on Biological Features and Computational Approaches

et al. 2022

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Rare diseases are a group of uncommon diseases in the world population. To date, about 7000 rare diseases have been documented. However, most of them do not have a known treatment. As a result of the relatively low demand for their treatments caused by their scarce prevalence, the pharmaceutical industry has not sufficiently encouraged the research to develop drugs to treat them. This work aims to analyse potential drug-repositioning strategies for this kind of disease. Drug repositioning seeks to find new uses for existing drugs. In this context, it seeks to discover if rare diseases could be treated with medicines previously indicated to heal other diseases. Our approaches tackle the problem by employing computational methods that calculate similarities between rare and non-rare diseases, considering biological features such as genes, proteins, and symptoms. Drug candidates for repositioning will be checked against clinical trials found in the scientific literature. In this study, 13 different rare diseases have been selected for which potential drugs could be repositioned. By verifying these drugs in the scientific literature, successful cases were found for 75% of the rare diseases studied. The genetic associations and phenotypical features of the rare diseases were examined. In addition, the verified drugs were classified according to the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) code to highlight the types with a higher predisposition to be repositioned. These promising results open the door for further research in this field of study.

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“…• Aneurysm [43][44][45] /vascular malformation 37,40,42,46,47 of the basilar artery • Artery dissection 10,33,[48][49][50][51] (e.g. due to cervical manipulation [52][53][54][55] • Basilar artery vasospasm 56 • Basilar migraine 57 • Central pontine myelinolysis [58][59][60] • Cocaine abuse 61 • Hyperhomocysteinemia 62 • Infection [63][64][65] mechanical brain herniation [66][67][68][69][70] • Multiple sclerosis [71][72][73] • Pontine abscess 74 • Primary 75,76 or metastatic [77][78][79] tumour • Prolonged hypoglycemia 80 • SARS-CoV-2 81,82 • Traumatic brain injury (axonal injury, 12,[83][84]…”

Section: Aetiologies Leading To Infarction/other Damage Of the Ponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locked-in syndrome revisited

Schnetzer

McCoy

Bergmann

et al. 2023

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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The locked-in syndrome (LiS) is characterized by quadriplegia with preserved vertical eye and eyelid movements and retained cognitive abilities. Subcategorization, aetiologies and the anatomical foundation of LiS are discussed. The damage of different structures in the pons, mesencephalon and thalamus are attributed to symptoms of classical, complete and incomplete LiS and the locked-in plus syndrome, which is characterized by additional impairments of consciousness, making the clinical distinction to other chronic disorders of consciousness at times difficult. Other differential diagnoses are cognitive motor dissociation (CMD) and akinetic mutism. Treatment options are reviewed and an early, interdisciplinary and aggressive approach, including the provision of psychological support and coping strategies is favoured. The establishment of communication is a main goal of rehabilitation. Finally, the quality of life of LiS patients and ethical implications are considered. While patients with LiS report a high quality of life and well-being, medical professionals and caregivers have largely pessimistic perceptions. The negative view on life with LiS must be overthought and the autonomy and dignity of LiS patients prioritized. Knowledge has to be disseminated, diagnostics accelerated and technical support system development promoted. More well-designed research but also more awareness of the needs of LiS patients and their perception as individual persons is needed to enable a life with LiS that is worth living.

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Cocaine as a rare cause of locked-in syndrome: a case report

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Heroin-Induced Leukoencephalopathy Leading to Locked-In Syndrome: A Case Report

Heroin-Induced Leukoencephalopathy Leading to Locked-In Syndrome: A Case Report

Repositioning Drugs for Rare Diseases Based on Biological Features and Computational Approaches

Locked-in syndrome revisited

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