Cocaine administration decreases functional connectivity in human primary visual and motor cortex as detected by functional MRI

Li, Shi‐Jiang; Biswal, Bharat; Li, Zhu; Risinger, Robert; Rainey, Charles; Cho, Jung-Ki; Salmeron, Betty Jo; Stein, Elliot A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(200001)43:1<45::aid-mrm6>3.3.co;2-s

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“…CDs showed weaker fronto-striatal coupling during ongoing movement, relative to HCs, in association with prolonged RT ( Hanlon et al, 2011 ; Lench et al, 2017 ). Further, acute cocaine administration decreased functional connectivity of the PCG with visual cortices during resting state in CDs ( Li et al, 2000 ), although the difference was not observed for resting state without experimental manipulations ( Gu et al, 2010 ). Together, the current and previous studies provide evidence for a role of altered motor cortical activity and connectivity in cocaine addiction.…”

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confidence: 96%

Reward-Related Responses and Tonic Craving in Cocaine Addiction: An Imaging Study of the Monetary Incentive Delay Task

Zhornitsky

Dhingra

et al. 2021

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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Background Cocaine addiction is associated with altered sensitivity to natural reinforcers and intense drug craving. However, previous findings on reward-related responses are mixed and few studies have examined whether reward responses relate to tonic cocaine craving. Methods We combined fMRI and a monetary incentive delay task to investigate these issues. Imaging data were processed with published routines and the results were evaluated with a corrected threshold. We compared reward responses of 50 cocaine dependent individuals (CDs) and 45 healthy controls (HCs) for the ventral striatum (VS) and the whole brain. We also examined the regional responses in association with tonic cocaine craving, as assessed by the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ) in CDs. We performed mediation analyses to evaluate the relationship between regional responses, CCQ score, and recent cocaine use. Results The VS showed higher activation to large as compared to small or no wins but this reward-related activity did not differ between CDs and HCs. The precentral gyrus (PCG), anterior insula, and supplementary motor area showed higher activation during large vs. no wins in positive correlation with the CCQ score in CDs. Mediation analyses suggested that days of cocaine use in the prior month contributed to higher CCQ scores and, in turn, PCG reward responses. Conclusions The results highlight a unique relationship between reward responses of the primary motor cortex, tonic cocaine craving and recent cocaine use. The motor cortex may partake in the cognitive motor processes critical to drug seeking behavior in addicted individuals.

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