Cobrotoxin could be an effective therapeutic for COVID-19

Lin, Fang; Reid, Paul F.; Qin, Zheng

doi:10.1038/s41401-020-00501-7

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…CD8 T cells are increased in COVID-19 patients and their proliferation can be blocked by NNAV and cobrotoxin more than they affect CD4 T cells. NNAV and cobrotoxin also restore the CD4/CD8 ratio (Ganji et al 2020;Lin et al 2020). can inhibit lung inflammation, improve lung gas exchange function, and reduce the development of fibrotic lesions in the lung (George et al 2020;Polak et al 2020).…”

Section: Potential Drugs For Covid-19 Not Yet In Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cobra venom and NNAV Cobrotoxin and α-neurotoxin from Naja naja atra venom (NNAV) can be used to prevent and relieve symptoms of COVID-19. Cobrotoxin and α-neurotoxin have many pharmacodynamic actions through their binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are widely distributed throughout the body (Kuo et al 1995;Lin et al 2020). NNAV and α-neurotoxins can inhibit the cytokine storm through their strong inhibitory effects on inflammation (Lin et al 2020;.…”

Section: Potential Drugs For Covid-19 Not Yet In Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can inhibit lung inflammation, improve lung gas exchange function, and reduce the development of fibrotic lesions in the lung (George et al 2020;Polak et al 2020). Cobra venoms were first approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration in the 1940 s (Lin et al 2020).…”

Section: Potential Drugs For Covid-19 Not Yet In Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis: therapeutics in clinical trials, repurposing, and potential development

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2019, an unprecedented disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and spread across the globe. Although the rapid transmission of COVID-19 has resulted in thousands of deaths and severe lung damage, conclusive treatment is not available. However, three COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized, and two more will be approved soon, according to a World Health Organization report on December 12, 2020. Many COVID-19 patients show symptoms of acute lung injury that eventually leads to pulmonary fibrosis. Our aim in this article is to present the relationship between pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19, with a focus on angiotensin converting enzyme-2. We also evaluate the radiological imaging methods computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) for visualization of patient lung condition. Moreover, we review possible therapeutics for COVID-19 using four categories: treatments related and unrelated to lung disease and treatments that have and have not entered clinical trials. Although many treatments have started clinical trials, they have some drawbacks, such as short-term and small-group testing, that need to be addressed as soon as possible.

show abstract

Section: Potential Drugs For Covid-19 Not Yet In Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Drugs For Covid-19 Not Yet In Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis: therapeutics in clinical trials, repurposing, and potential development

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These are being investigated for efficacy against multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders (Receptin), human immunodeficiency virus, and herpes simplex virus (Pepteron). Notably, the ability of cobrotoxin, the basis of Pepteron, to inhibit viral replication has also been hypothesized to be useful in the treatment of COVID-19 ( Lin et al, 2020 ). Many other animal venom toxins have shown efficacy in in vivo models for a range of important human diseases ( Chassagnon et al, 2017 ; Richards et al, 2018 ; Anand et al, 2019 ), suggesting that the future of venom-derived therapeutics may be bright.…”

Section: Applications Derived From Recombinantly Expressed Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Heterologous Expression, Synthesis, and Purification of Animal Venom Toxins

Rivera-de-Torre

Rimbault

Jenkins

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal venoms are complex mixtures containing peptides and proteins known as toxins, which are responsible for the deleterious effect of envenomations. Across the animal Kingdom, toxin diversity is enormous, and the ability to understand the biochemical mechanisms governing toxicity is not only relevant for the development of better envenomation therapies, but also for exploiting toxin bioactivities for therapeutic or biotechnological purposes. Most of toxinology research has relied on obtaining the toxins from crude venoms; however, some toxins are difficult to obtain because the venomous animal is endangered, does not thrive in captivity, produces only a small amount of venom, is difficult to milk, or only produces low amounts of the toxin of interest. Heterologous expression of toxins enables the production of sufficient amounts to unlock the biotechnological potential of these bioactive proteins. Moreover, heterologous expression ensures homogeneity, avoids cross-contamination with other venom components, and circumvents the use of crude venom. Heterologous expression is also not only restricted to natural toxins, but allows for the design of toxins with special properties or can take advantage of the increasing amount of transcriptomics and genomics data, enabling the expression of dormant toxin genes. The main challenge when producing toxins is obtaining properly folded proteins with a correct disulfide pattern that ensures the activity of the toxin of interest. This review presents the strategies that can be used to express toxins in bacteria, yeast, insect cells, or mammalian cells, as well as synthetic approaches that do not involve cells, such as cell-free biosynthesis and peptide synthesis. This is accompanied by an overview of the main advantages and drawbacks of these different systems for producing toxins, as well as a discussion of the biosafety considerations that need to be made when working with highly bioactive proteins.

show abstract

“…It has demonstrated that the rate of DTP vaccination has an inverse correlation with COVID-19 prevalence [ 15 ]. Cobrotoxin has an anti-inflammatory effect and also can restore the CD4/CD8 ratio and perform immunoprotective activity against SARS-CoV-2 [ 16 ]. Tetrodotoxin is an inhibitor of M Pro of SARS-CoV-2 and so can affect the virus [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the Natural Toxic Metabolites in COVID-19

Bahrami

Taheri

Arabestani

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus and the cause of the recent pandemic; it is an enveloped β-coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 appear in the Wuhan City of China for the first time and outspread worldwide quickly. Due to its person-to-person fast transmission, COVID-19 is becoming a global problem. SARS-CoV-2 enter into cells by using ACE2 receptors that are numerous in the lungs and finally can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Dry cough, sore throat, fever, body pain, headache, GIT discomfort, diarrhoea, and fatigue are some of the COVID-19 symptoms. There is no definite and certain treatment for disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 till now. Some pharmacological effects of toxins, toxoids, and venoms have been proven, and their effects on some diseases have been evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the role of toxins, toxoids, and venom in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

show abstract

Cobrotoxin could be an effective therapeutic for COVID-19

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis: therapeutics in clinical trials, repurposing, and potential development

COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis: therapeutics in clinical trials, repurposing, and potential development

Strategies for Heterologous Expression, Synthesis, and Purification of Animal Venom Toxins

Harnessing the Natural Toxic Metabolites in COVID-19

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About