Cobalt stress induces photosynthetic and ultrastructural distortion by disrupting cellular redox homeostasis in maize

Selenium Nanoparticles Boost the Drought Stress Response of Soybean by Enhancing Pigment Accumulation, Oxidative Stress Management and Ultrastructural Integrity

“…•− , H 2 O 2 , and O 2 can provoke a partial or severe oxidation of cellular components, inducing redox status changes, leading to damage to nucleic acid, lipids, and proteins [56], so continuous control of ROS and of their metabolism is decisive under stress conditions [57,58]. In this study, we reported a significant increase in EL and high generation of H 2 O 2 and O 2…”

Multiple insights into the two-sided effects of foliar application of cerium oxide nanoparticles on the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

“…66,67 However, the excessive production or deficient scavenging of ROS disrupts their dynamic balance and further causes cellular oxidative stress, which is closely associated with the damage to DNA, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, as well as ultrastructural distortion. 65,68,69 The main adaptive response to oxidative stress and process ROS for the prevention of oxidative stress-associated molecular and cellular damage is to enhance the total capacity of the cellular antioxidant molecule pools, which include antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, APX, etc.) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH, AsA, α-tocopherol, phenolic compounds, etc.)…”

Heavy Metal Contamination in Urban Soils: Health Impacts on Humans and Plants: A Review

“…The effects of heavy metals on plants extend to induce significant genetic and physiological changes that impact growth, development, and overall well-being (Chau, et al, 2024), heavy metal exposure can result in DNA damage and mutations , interfering with normal cellular processes and leading to changes in gene expression patterns, physiologically, heavy metals influence plant function, including photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient uptake, disruption of photosynthesis occurs through interference with chlorophyll synthesis and light-harvesting complexes, impacting energy production, heavy metals also disturb enzymatic activities involved in essential metabolic pathways. Physiological changes manifest as observable symptoms, such as stunted growth, reduced biomass, and altered reproductive processes, oxidative stress and genetic mutations contribute to an overall decline in plant health, these responses is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of contamination, protect biodiversity, and ensure the sustainability of plant ecosystems in environments affected by heavy metal pollutants (Salam, et al, 2024).…”