Cobalt‐Iron‐Manganese Catalysts for the Conversion of End‐of‐Life‐Tire‐Derived Syngas into Light Terminal Olefins

Abstract

Co-Fe-Mn/γ-Al O Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts were synthesized, characterized and tested for CO hydrogenation, mimicking end-of-life-tire (ELT)-derived syngas. It was found that an increase of C -C olefin selectivities to 49 % could be reached for 5 wt % Co, 5 wt % Fe, 2.5 wt % Mn/γ-Al O with Na at ambient pressure. Furthermore, by using a 5 wt % Co, 5 wt % Fe, 2.5 wt % Mn, 1.2 wt % Na, 0.03 wt % S/γ-Al O catalyst the selectivity towards the fractions of C and CH could be reduced, whereas the selectivity towards the fraction of C olefins could be improved to 12.6 % at 10 bar. Moreover, the Na/S ratio influences the ratio of terminal to internal olefins observed as products, that is, a high Na loading prevents the isomerization of primary olefins, which is unwanted if 1,3-butadiene is the target product. Thus, by fine-tuning the addition of promoter elements the volume of waste streams that need to be recycled, treated or upgraded during ELT syngas processing could be reduced. The most promising catalyst (5 wt % Co, 5 wt % Fe, 2.5 wt % Mn, 1.2 wt % Na, 0.03 wt % S/γ-Al O ) has been investigated using operando transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that a cobalt-iron alloy was formed, whereas manganese remained in its oxidic phase.

Influential Role of Elemental Migration in a Composite Iron–Zeolite Catalyst for the Synthesis of Aromatics from Syngas

“…For the NFM catalyst, the intensity of weight-increasing peaks increased with higher Na contents, further proving that the formation of the active phase increased with higher Na contents, while for the HZ zeolite, the sample integrated with the NFM catalyst having a higher Na content exhibited a lower carbon deposition peak. It can be inferred that a higher Na content resulted in a larger portion of light olefinic intermediates, restraining the generation of inactive carbonaceous compounds . However, an excessively higher Na content of the NFM catalyst might block the pore channels (Table S2) and inhibit H 2 reduction (Figure S16), resulting in a decrease of catalytic performance …”

Automotive wastes

“…Additionally, end-of-life tires (ELT), which are usually poorly valorized, could be a valuable source for syngas generation and Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis processing (Falkenhagen et al, 2018). A synthesized series of Co-Fe/γ-Al2O3 FTS catalysts with Na, Mn, and S additives were tested for CO hydrogenation, including using X-ray microscopy and X-ray diffraction (Falkenhagen et al, 2018). A 5 wt% Co, 5 wt% Fe, 2.5 wt% Mn, 1.2 wt% Na, and 0.03 wt% S/γ-Al2O3 catalyst showed the most promising results.…”

“…A 5 wt% Co, 5 wt% Fe, 2.5 wt% Mn, 1.2 wt% Na, and 0.03 wt% S/γ-Al2O3 catalyst showed the most promising results. Adjusting the promoter element addition reduced the volume of waste streams that needed to be recycled, treated, or upgraded during the ELT syngas processing (Falkenhagen et al, 2018).…”

Influence of Specific Power on the Solid and Liquid Products Obtained in the Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

“…The gaseous fraction is mainly composed of H 2 , CO, and CO 2 and lowmolecular-weight organic compounds such as ethylene, acetylene, or propylene and has a high heating value, 42-49 MJ/kg [16,17]. This fraction can be used as an energy source in the pyrolysis process or as a raw material in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis [18,19].…”