Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Deactivation by oxidation?

Loosdrecht, J. van de; Бальжинимаев, Б. С.; Dalmon, J.A.; Niemantsverdriet, J.W.; Tsybulya, S. V.; Saib, A.M.; Berge, P.J. van; Visagie, J. L.

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2007.02.032

Cited by 196 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

126

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The metallic stability of cobalt under Fischer-Tropsch conditions (523 K, 50 bar (2 H 2 + CO), GHSV l0 4 h -l ), has also been related to the catalyst formulation [87]. In line with report [88], the magnetization of a Co/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, selective towards hydrocarbons, is unchanged during the reaction, the observed catalyst deactivation being related to carbon fouling (no bulk oxide or carbide formation). Contrarily, the CuNaZn-promoted Co/Al 2 O 3 , selective towards higher alcohols, shows, under similar reaction conditions, a loss of metallic cobalt that has been related to the formation of Co 2 C [87].…”

Section: Versussupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Unfortunately, in situ magnetic measurements are not always feasible in realistic Fischer-Tropsch reaction conditions, because of difficulties maintaining high pressures and temperatures in the experimental cell during magnetic measurements. In this case, however, the essential information about cobalt catalysts can be obtained using a "pseudo in situ" method [88]. Note that in the reactor, cobalt catalysts are usually coated with hydrocarbon wax produced by FischerTropsch synthesis.…”

Section: Versusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is assumed that this wax can protect cobalt catalysts from reoxidation during their transfer from the reactor to the magnetometer and during the magnetization measurements. Van de Loosdrecht et al [88] characterized wax-coated cobalt alumina-supported catalysts which were…”

Section: Versusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often postulated [1,89,90] that reoxidation of small supported cobalt particles by water produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is the principal reason for catalyst deactivation. The magnetic data [88] suggest however that reoxidation of cobalt metal particles in industrial Fischer-Tropsch reactors could be prevented by efficient control of water and hydrogen pressures. The metallic stability of cobalt under Fischer-Tropsch conditions (523 K, 50 bar (2 H 2 + CO), GHSV l0 4 h -l ), has also been related to the catalyst formulation [87].…”

Section: Versusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

F ischer‐ T ropsch Process

2006

Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Résumé -La caractérisation par la méthode magnétique des catalyseurs Fischer-TropschCet article passe en revue les développements récents dans le domaine de la caractérisation des catalyseurs Fischer-Tropsch à base de cobalt, de fer et de nickel par la méthode magnétique. La caractérisation magnétique fournit des informations précieuses sur la réduction du catalyseur, la taille des nanoparticules ferromagnétiques, la chimisorption, ainsi que sur les réactions topochimiques qui se produisent avec les catalyseurs au cours de la genèse de la phase active et dans des conditions réactionnelles. Les possibilités et les limites de la méthode magnétique sont examinées. Abstract -Magnetic Characterization of Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts -This paper reviews recent developments in the application of magnetic methods for investigation of Fischer

show abstract

Section: Versussupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Versusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Versusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Versusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

F ischer‐ T ropsch Process

2006

Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the cobalt catalyst used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is expensive, hence, Loosdrecht et al [84] investigated the oxidation of nano-sized metallic cobalt during realistic F-T synthesis to cobalt oxide and concluded that this type of oxidation is independent of the support materials and could prevent the correct combination of reactor partial pressure of H 2 O and H 2 (P H2O /P H2 ). The cobalt crystalline size was 6 nm in this study.…”

Section: Overview Of Previous Work Regarding the Fischer-tropsch Synmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Fischer Tropsch synthesis process, mechanism, surface chemistry and catalyst formulation

Mahmoudi

Doustdar

et al. 2017

Biofuels Engineering

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For more than half a century, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) of liquid hydrocarbons was a technology of great potential for the indirect liquefaction of solid or gaseous carbon-based energy sources (Coal-To-Liquid (CTL) and Gas-To-Liquid (GTL)) into liquid transportable fuels. In contrast with the past, nowadays transport fuels are mainly produced from crude oil and there is not considerable diversity in their variety. Due to some limitations in the first generation bio-fuels, the Second-Generation Biofuels (SGB)' technology was developed to perform the Biomass-To-Liquid (BTL) process. The BTL is a well-known multi-step process to convert the carbonaceous feedstock (biomass) into liquid fuels via FTS technology. This paper presents a brief history of FTS technology used to convert coal into liquid hydrocarbons; the significance of bioenergy and SGB are discussed as well. The paper covers the characteristics of biomass, which is used as feedstock in the BTL process. Different mechanisms in the FTS process to describe carbon monoxide hydrogenation as well as surface polymerization reaction are discussed widely in this paper. The discussed mechanisms consist of carbide, COinsertion and the hydroxycarbene mechanism. The surface chemistry of silica support is discussed. Silanol functional groups in silicon chemistry are explained extensively. The catalyst formulation in the Fischer Tropsch (F-T) process as well as F-T reaction engineering is discussed. In addition, the most common catalysts are introduced and the current reactor technologies in the F-T indirect liquefaction process are considered. process overview IntroductionThe over-reliance of the world's nations on conventional fossil fuels puts our planet in peril. The continuity of the current situation will result in the rise of a combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces by 5 ∘ C in 2100, bringing a rise in sea levels, food and water shortages and an increase in extreme weather events. The global warming, caused by humans, is one of the biggest threats to our future well-being [1]. In addition, oil reserves are limited and these reserves are decreasing dramatically. This reduction alongside the other relevant economic factors affects the world's oil prices. The need to run engines with the new generation of liquid fuels is inevitable. The investigations by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) published in 2013 expressed a 56 percent increase in the world's energy consumption by the year 2040. Total world energy demand will have risen to 865 EJ (exajoule) by this year. The total world energy consumption was reported as 553 EJ in 2010. The outlook indicates that renewable energy is one of the fastest-growing energy sources in the world; where its usage increases 2.5 percent per year. Despite increasing success in the renewable energies, it is predicted that the fossil fuels will supply al-

show abstract

Industrial Applications

Bare¹,

Cutler²

2016

X‐Ray Absorption and X‐Ray Emission Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Deactivation by oxidation?

Cited by 196 publications

References 47 publications

F ischer‐ T ropsch Process

F ischer‐ T ropsch Process

A review of Fischer Tropsch synthesis process, mechanism, surface chemistry and catalyst formulation

Industrial Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About