Cobalt and secondary poisoning in the terrestrial food chain: Data review and research gaps to support risk assessment

Element interactions and soil properties affecting the soil-to-plant transfer of six elements relevant to radioactive waste in boreal forest

“…Competition can be related to similar chemical properties of some elements, which is a probable reason for the interaction between Mo and S. They both exist as monovalent anions, show a similar tetrahedral structure (McGrath et al 2010) and thus can be taken up and translocated along the same routes in plants. The binding of trace elements with major elements in soil can also lead to the formation of less bioavailable species which is the case, for example in the interaction of Mn and Co (Gál et al 2008) and that of P and metals (Chen et al 1997;Ebbs et al 1998;Rufyikiri et al 2006).…”

Chromium, Nickel and Cobalt

“…Cobalt may have some beneficial effect but is not essential as such for humans. It is also essential for atmospheric symbiotic and nonsymbiotic N 2 -fixation [12,15,66]. Although its essentiality in higher, nonleguminous plants is not clearly proven, there is some evidence which suggests that Co has favourable effects on plant growth [16].…”

“…Cobalt in the xylem has been found mainly in cationic forms in tomatoes [94] and in the Ricinus communis phloem as organic complexes with molecular weight between 1000 and 5000 Da [95]. It is reported that Co mobility in plants is lower than that of Ni [66,96]. The limited translocation of Co in plants means it tends to accumulate in roots, with shoot concentrations generally being smaller than those in roots [97,98].…”

“…However, high Co concentration in soils as found in the soils over serpentine rocks or ore deposits or near smelters [16,66] can result in far too large amounts of Co in the plants, which may result in phytotoxicity. The phytotoxicity of Co can be severe when plants accumulate Co above 50-100 mg kg À1 dry weight [99].…”

Complex Formation in a Liquid-Liquid Extraction System Containing Co(II), 4-(2-Thiazolylazo)resorcinol and Monotetrazolium Salt

“…The cobalt deficiency can lead to hematologic, neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular disorders, while the excessive consumption of cobalt with the food can result in seriously toxicological poisoning. [1][2][3][4] Cobalt is a typical transition metal participating in complex formation. The complexes of cobalt with chelate ligands, containing N and O donor atoms, have industrial, biological, pharmacological and medical applications.…”