Coaxial-resonator-driven rf (Paul) trap for strong confinement

Jefferts, Steven R.; Monroe, C.; Bell, E W.; Wineland, David J.

doi:10.1103/physreva.51.3112

Cited by 96 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The size quoted in Table I for the linear traps is the distance between the ion and the nearest electrode. All traps are mounted at the end of a coaxial λ/4 resonator for rf voltage buildup [21]. Typical resonator quality factors are around 500 and rf voltage at the open end is approximately 500 V with a few watts of input power.…”

Section: B the Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state

et al. 2000

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We have investigated motional heating of laser-cooled 9 Be + ions held in radio-frequency (Paul) traps. We have measured heating rates in a variety of traps with different geometries, electrode materials, and characteristic sizes.The results show that heating is due to electric-field noise from the trap electrodes which exerts a stochastic fluctuating force on the ion. The scaling of the heating rate with trap size is much stronger than that expected from a spatially uniform noise source on the electrodes (such as Johnson noise from external circuits), indicating that a microscopic uncorrelated noise source on the electrodes (such as fluctuating patch-potential fields) is a more likely candidate for the source of heating.

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Section: B the Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state

et al. 2000

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“…Individual cadmium ions are trapped and isolated in one of two rf quadrupole traps. First, the experiment is conducted using an asymmetric quadrupole trap of characteristic size ∼0.7 mm [19] Two types of laser radiation are incident on the ion: pulsed and continuous wave (cw) lasers. The pulsed light is from a picosecond mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser whose center frequency is resonantly tuned to provide excitation to one of the 2 P states [ Fig.…”

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Precision lifetime measurements of a single trapped ion with ultrafast laser pulses

et al. 2006

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We report precision measurements of the excited state lifetime of the 5p 2 P 1/2 and 5p 2 P 3/2 levels of a single trapped Cd + ion. The ion is excited with picosecond laser pulses from a mode-locked laser and the distribution of arrival times of spontaneously emitted photons is recorded. The resulting lifetimes are 3.148 ± 0.011 ns and 2.647 ± 0.010 ns for 2 P 1/2 and 2 P 3/2 respectively. With a total uncertainty of under 0.4%, these are among the most precise measurements of any atomic state lifetimes to date. Here we report excited state lifetime measurements using a time-correlated single photon counting technique on a single atom. This method, designed especially to eliminate common systematic errors, involves selective excitation of a single trapped ion to a particular excited state (lifetime of order nanoseconds) by an ultrafast laser pulse (duration of order picoseconds). Arrival of the spontaneously-emitted photon from the ion is correlated in time with the excitation pulse, and the excited state lifetime is extracted from the distribution of time delays from many such events.By performing the experiment on a single trapped ion, we are able to eliminate prevalent systematic errors, such as: pulse pileup that causes multiple photons to be collected within the time resolution of the detector, radiation trapping or the absorption and re-emission of radiation by neighboring atoms, atoms disappearing from view before decaying, and subradiance or superradiance arising from coherent interactions with nearby atoms. By using ultrafast laser pulses, we eliminate potential effects from applied light during the measurement interval.With this setup, at most one photon can be emitted following an excitation pulse. While this feature is instrumental in eliminating the above systematic errors, it would appear that this signal would require large integration times for reasonable statistical uncertainties. However, with a lifetime of only a few nanoseconds, millions FIG. 1: The experimental apparatus. (a) A picosecond mode locked Ti:Saph laser is tuned to four times the resonant wavelength for either the 5p 2 P 1/2 or the 5p 2 P 3/2 level of Cd + . Each pulse is then frequency-quadrupled through non-linear crystals, filtered from the fundamental and second harmonic, and directed to the ion. An amplified cw diode laser is also frequency quadrupled and tuned just red of the 2 P 3/2 transition for Doppler cooling of the ion within the trap. Acoustooptic modulators (AOM) are used to switch on and off the lasers as described in the text. Photons emitted from the ion are collected by an f /2.1 imaging lens and directed toward a photon-counting photo multiplier tube (PMT). The output of the PMT provides the start pulse for the time to digital converter (TDC), whereas the stop pulse is provided by the reference clock of the mode-locked laser. of such excitations can be performed each second, thus potentially allowing sufficient data for a statistical error of under 0.1% to be collected in a matter of minutes [6].A diagram of th...

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“…Here J 0 is the zero-order Bessel function and ξ j is the amplitude of the motion along x associated with ion j [10]. Jefferts et al [27] point out that applying a static electric field to push the ions along x may control the amplitude of ξ j and thus the Ω j of the ion micro-motion. Finally, we note that the duration of the two applied simultaneous pulses for realizing the above quantum controlled operation is not much longer than that for other schemes (see, e.g., [5,9,12,17]) operating in the LD regime.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%