Coaxial Probe-based Measurements of Biological Tissues: Inaccuracies in Sensing Volume when Calculated from Sensing Radius and Sensing Depth

Farshkaran, Ali; Porter, Emily

doi:10.1109/iceaa52647.2021.9539727

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The minimum homogeneous sample size can be determined by: i) positioning a flat high-contrast material layer behind a sample that has dielectric properties close to those which are the target of the experimental campaign, and increasing the sample thickness until the high-contrast material is not detectable in the reflection measurements (i.e., the measurements reach steady values even with increasing thickness), and ii) positioning a cylindrical high-contrast material layer around a cylindrical inner sample that has dielectric properties close to those which are the target of the experimental campaign, and increasing the sample radius until the highcontrast material is not detectable in the reflection measurements [85]. (Note that a low-contrast material could also be used in these steps, particularly if it is of a similar contrast to tissue heterogeneities that would be expected to exist in the region surrounding the homogeneous tissue region that is the measurement target).…”

Section: Sample Size Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Complex Permittivity of Biological Tissues: A Practical Measurement Guideline

Farrugia,

Porter,

Conceição

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Despite the significant number of studies published on the measurements of complex permittivity of biological tissues in the last thirty years, implementing a successful measurement program for dielectric measurements can still present a challenge for researchers. Most problems are not theoretical but of methodological or practical nature. In this article, lessons learned from experiences with goal-oriented measurements are presented by structuring them into practical guidelines for efficient and useful measurements of dielectric properties of biological tissues, aimed at addressing gaps in knowledge. Issues related to calibration, validation of the measurement system and data collection procedures are addressed from a practical perspective. This will help support reproducibility of measurements. In addition, guidelines for data analysis and data reporting are provided. The latter is also supported by a data analysis tool developed in MATLAB, made available as open source. This facilitates the harmonisation and merging of different datasets, ease of interpreting and re-using of data and comparison of data across studies. Additionally, a data repository is presented for uploading of dielectric data of biological tissues, along with the corresponding meta-data describing the experiments. These guidelines are the result of the work carried out by a dedicated working group in the project COST Action MyWAVE.INDEX TERMS complex permittivity, dielectric properties, electromagnetic medical devices, open-ended coaxial probe, tissues.

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Section: Sample Size Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be chosen with the target uncertainty in mind. It should also be noted that the sensing volume is best determined by restricting the sensing radius and the sensing depth simultaneously, as thresholds for change in one dimension are not consistent with simultaneous volume changes in both dimensions [85].…”

Section: Sample Size Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%