Coastal vegetation and estuaries are collectively a greenhouse gas sink

Rosentreter, Judith A.; Laruelle, Goulven Gildas; Bange, Hermann W.; Bianchi, Thomas S.; Busecke, Julius; Cai, Wei‐Jun; Eyre, Bradley D.; Forbrich, Inke; Kwon, Eun Young; Maavara, Taylor; Moosdorf, Nils; Najjar, Raymond G.; Sarma, V. V. S. S.; Dam, Bryce Van; Regnier, Pierre

doi:10.1038/s41558-023-01682-9

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This synthesis complements the global ocean RECCAP2 chapter (DeVries et al, 2023), which includes the coastal ocean area, but does not specifically address the spatio-temporal dynamics of coastal CO 2 fluxes or present an integrated budget of CO 2 , N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes. We consider the net contemporary air-sea fluxes (natural + anthropogenic) of CO 2 , N 2 O and CH 4 using the 1998-2018 period (except if specified otherwise) over the coastal ocean but exclude estuaries and coastal vegetation, which are examined in the RECCAP2 synthesis of Rosentreter et al (2023). Our approach combines observation-based and model-based estimates with different strengths and limitations discussed in the method and discussion sections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Resplandy,

Hogikyan,

Müller

et al. 2024

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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The coastal ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). In this second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2), we quantify global coastal ocean fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 using an ensemble of global gap‐filled observation‐based products and ocean biogeochemical models. The global coastal ocean is a net sink of CO2 in both observational products and models, but the magnitude of the median net global coastal uptake is ∼60% larger in models (−0.72 vs. −0.44 PgC year−1, 1998–2018, coastal ocean extending to 300 km offshore or 1,000 m isobath with area of 77 million km2). We attribute most of this model‐product difference to the seasonality in sea surface CO2 partial pressure at mid‐ and high‐latitudes, where models simulate stronger winter CO2 uptake. The coastal ocean CO2 sink has increased in the past decades but the available time‐resolving observation‐based products and models show large discrepancies in the magnitude of this increase. The global coastal ocean is a major source of N2O (+0.70 PgCO2‐e year−1 in observational product and +0.54 PgCO2‐e year−1 in model median) and CH4 (+0.21 PgCO2‐e year−1 in observational product), which offsets a substantial proportion of the coastal CO2 uptake in the net radiative balance (30%–60% in CO2‐equivalents), highlighting the importance of considering the three greenhouse gases when examining the influence of the coastal ocean on climate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Resplandy,

Hogikyan,

Müller

et al. 2024

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…Methane (CH 4 ) is a potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential approximately 84 times higher than that of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) over a 20 year time scale. − Since preindustrial times, the atmospheric concentration of CH 4 has increased significantly, reaching an annual average of 1866 ppb in 2019 and contributing to approximately 16–20% of the total radiative forcing. , Microbially mediated CH 4 oxidation plays a crucial role in regulating CH 4 emissions and is estimated to account for approximately 60% of the global CH 4 production, effectively counteracting a significant portion of biogenic CH 4 emissions into the atmosphere …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of n-DAMO in Mitigating Methane Emissions from Intertidal Wetlands Is Regulated by Saltmarsh Vegetations

An,

Chen,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Coastal wetlands are hotspots for methane (CH 4 ) production, reducing their potential for global warming mitigation. Nitrite/nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) plays a crucial role in bridging carbon and nitrogen cycles, contributing significantly to CH 4 consumption. However, the role of n-DAMO in reducing CH 4 emissions in coastal wetlands is poorly understood. Here, the ecological functions of the n-DAMO process in different saltmarsh vegetation habitats as well as bare mudflats were quantified, and the underlying microbial mechanisms were explored. Results showed that n-DAMO rates were significantly higher in vegetated habitats (Scirpus mariqueter and Spartina alterniflora) than those in bare mudflats (P < 0.05), leading to an enhanced contribution to CH 4 consumption. Compared with other habitats, the contribution of n-DAMO to the total anaerobic CH 4 oxidation was significantly lower in the Phragmites australis wetland (15.0%), where the anaerobic CH 4 oxidation was primarily driven by ferric iron (Fe 3+ ). Genetic and statistical analyses suggested that the different roles of n-DAMO in various saltmarsh wetlands may be related to divergent n-DAMO microbial communities as well as environmental parameters such as sediment pH and total organic carbon. This study provides an important scientific basis for a more accurate estimation of the role of coastal wetlands in mitigating climate change.

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“…It builds upon an extensive and growing body of Australian and international research confirming coastal wetlands are a carbon sink (e.g. Serrano et al 2019;Rosentreter et al 2023) and that their conservation and restoration is important for climate mitigation as well as for the range of co-benefit they provide, including enhancements in biodiversity, fisheries, water quality and climate change adaptation (Barbier et al 2011), yet offers flexibility for incorporation of new or sitespecific information that will improve the precision of estimates of carbon abatement over time. The method reflects the unique evolution, sea level history, climatic settings, and biodiversity of Australian coastal wetlands that differ significantly from those in the northern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to Gallagher (2022)—the Australian Tidal Restoration for Blue Carbon method 2022—conservative, robust, and practical

Lovelock,

Adame,

Dittmann

et al. 2023

Restoration Ecology

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The Blue Carbon Accounting Model (BlueCAM) is a tool for tidal restoration projects established under the Tidal Restoration for Blue Carbon method (2022) of the Australian voluntary carbon market. The commentary of Gallagher discussed that BlueCAM did not subtract allochthonous carbon, which is carbon in wetland soils from external sources, either terrestrial or marine sources, from estimated net abatement. This approach was used because all organic carbon preserved in a restored wetland soil, irrespective of its source, is deposited because the wetland was restored, and thus all carbon preserved above the baseline is “additional.” As restoration projects develop, further characterization of different soil carbon fractions as suggested by Gallagher may improve BlueCAM. BlueCAM is transparent, conservative, and importantly is feasible for implementation, as well as being consistent with the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the Australian legislative offsets integrity standards.

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Coastal vegetation and estuaries are collectively a greenhouse gas sink

Cited by 37 publications

References 50 publications

A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Role of n-DAMO in Mitigating Methane Emissions from Intertidal Wetlands Is Regulated by Saltmarsh Vegetations

Response to Gallagher (2022)—the Australian Tidal Restoration for Blue Carbon method 2022—conservative, robust, and practical

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