Coastal Salt Marshes

Sarika, Maria; Zikos, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17854-3_7-1

Handbook of Halophytes 2020

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17854-3_7-1

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Coastal Salt Marshes

Maria Sarika

Andreas Zikos

Abstract: Coastal marshes are intertidal wetlands, highly diverse in species and habitats. They reduce wave heights and the rates of lateral erosion, thus promoting shoreline protection and stabilization. Halophytic colonizers adapted to the stressful conditions caused by prolonged saltwater flooding contribute to vertical accretion of coastal salt marshes and enhance the processes that ensure their functionality and lastingness. This review seeks to summarize the current evidence demonstrating that structure and functi… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

(157 reference statements)

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Crop coefficients of natural wetlands and riparian vegetation to compute ecosystem evapotranspiration and the water balance

Pereira,

Paredes,

Espírito-Santo

2024

Irrig Sci

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Wetlands, namely the riparian ones, play a major role in landscape and water resources functionalities and provide enormous opportunities for ecosystems services. However, their area at globe scale is continuously decreasing due to appropriation by the riverain communities or by allocation of water resources to other uses, namely irrigation, in prejudice of natural wetlands. Due to the high competition for water, namely for agricultural irrigation, the calculation of the vegetation evapotranspiration (ETc), i.e. the consumptive water use of the wetland ecosystems, is mandatory for determining water supply–demand balance at various scales. Providing for the basin and local levels the reason for this review study on ETc to be presented in an irrigation focused Journal. The review also aims to make available adequate Kc values relative to these ecosystems in an ongoing update of FAO guidelines on evapotranspiration. The review on ETc of natural wetlands focused on its computation adopting the classical FAO method, thus the product of the FAO-PM grass reference ETo by the vegetation specific Kc, i.e., ETc = Kc ETo. This approach is not only the most common in agriculture but is also well used in natural wetlands studies, with Kc values fully related with vegetation ecosystems characteristics. A distinction was made between riparian and non-riparian wetland ecosystems due to differences between main types of water sources and main vegetation types. The Kc values are tabulated through grouping wetlands according to the climate since the variability of Kc with vegetation, soil, and water availability would require data not commonly available from the selected studies. Tabulated values appear to be coherent and appropriate to support field estimation of Kc and ETc for use in wetlands water balance when not measured but weather data may be available to compute the grass reference ETo. ETc and the water balance could then be estimated since they are definitely required to further characterization and monitoring of wetlands, defining measures for their protection, and assessing ecosystems’ services.

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Crop coefficients of natural wetlands and riparian vegetation to compute ecosystem evapotranspiration and the water balance

Pereira,

Paredes,

Espírito-Santo

2024

Irrig Sci

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Vegetation of the coastal dunes and wetland of Schinias National Park (NE Attica, Sterea Ellas, Greece)

2023

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The vegetation developing on the coastal sand dunes and wetland of Schinias National Park, a Natura 2000 Site, was studied following the Braun-Blanquet method. Vegetation units were delimited using cluster analysis and by applying the fidelity measure; the phi-coefficient was used for the definition of diagnostic species. The vegetation types distinguished (twenty associations, two sub-associations and thirteen communities not assigned formal rank), which belong to 18 alliances, 16 orders and 12 classes, are discussed and presented in phytosociological tables. Among them Mathiolo tricuspidatae-Anthemidetum tomentosae, Pistacio lentisci-Pinetum halepensis pinetosum pineae, Puccinellio festuciformis-Aeluropetum litoralis cressetosum creticae and Tamaricetum tetrandrae are described for the first time. The vegetation types recognized in the study area are linked to twelve EUNIS habitat types, nine of which are related to 13 Annex I habitat types (Directive 92/43/EEC), and one to a habitat type of national interest (72A0). One Annex I habitat type occurring in the study area has scattered presence in the Natura 2000 network in Greece (1420), two are infrequent (2190, 2260), two are rare (2230, 2270) and three are priority habitat types (1150, 2250, 2270).

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A Minimalist Model of Salt-Marsh Vegetation Dynamics Driven by Species Competition and Dispersal

et al. 2022

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We present a new bidimensional, spatially-explicit ecological model describing the dynamics of halophytic vegetation in tidal saline wetlands. Existing vegetation models employ relatively simple deterministic or stochastic mechanisms, and are driven by local environmental conditions. In the proposed model, in contrast, vegetation dynamics depend not only on the marsh local habitat, but also on spatially-explicit mechanisms of dispersal and competition among multiple interacting species. The role of habitat quality, here determined by the local elevation relative to the mean sea level as a proxy for environmental conditions, is mathematically modeled by a logistic function that represents the fundamental (theoretical) niche of each halophytic species. Hence, the model does not artificially impose any constraints to the ability of a species to colonize elevated areas where it is usually not observed: such limitations naturally arise through competition with fitter species across marsh topographic gradients. We qualitatively test our model against field data based on a suitable assemblage of focus species, and perform a sensitivity analysis aimed at determining how dynamic equilibria in vegetation distributions are affected by changes in model input parameters. Results indicate that the model is robust and can predict realistic vegetation distributions and species-richness patterns. More importantly, the model is also able to effectively reproduce the outcomes of classical ecological experiments, wherein a species is transplanted to an area outside its realized niche. A direct comparison shows that previous models not accounting for dispersal and interspecific competitions are unable to reproduce such dynamics. Our model can be easily integrated into virtually any existing morphodynamic model, thereby strengthening our ability to simulate the coupled biotic and abiotic evolution of salt marshes under changing climate forcings.

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Coastal Salt Marshes

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Crop coefficients of natural wetlands and riparian vegetation to compute ecosystem evapotranspiration and the water balance

Crop coefficients of natural wetlands and riparian vegetation to compute ecosystem evapotranspiration and the water balance

Vegetation of the coastal dunes and wetland of Schinias National Park (NE Attica, Sterea Ellas, Greece)

A Minimalist Model of Salt-Marsh Vegetation Dynamics Driven by Species Competition and Dispersal

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About

Coastal Salt Marshes

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Crop coefficients of natural wetlands and riparian vegetation to compute ecosystem evapotranspiration and the water balance

Crop coefficients of natural wetlands and riparian vegetation to compute ecosystem evapotranspiration and the water balance

Vegetation of the coastal dunes and wetland of Schinias National Park (NE Attica, Sterea Ellas, Greece)

A Minimalist Model of Salt-Marsh Vegetation Dynamics Driven by Species Competition and Dispersal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Vegetation of the coastal dunes and wetland of Schinias National Park (NE Attica, Sterea Ellas, Greece)