Coastal Erosion in Northeast Ireland—Part I: Sand beaches, dunes and river mouths

Carter, R. W. G.; Bartlett, Darius

doi:10.1080/00750779009478762

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Lozano et al (2004) argue that, although many studies report an increase in coastal erosion rates at the end of the 20th century (e.g. Carter and Bartlett, 1990;Devoy, 2008;Regnauld et al, 2004;Smith et al, 2000;Swift et al, 2003), this is more likely to reflect complex coastal processes (e.g. Carter et al, 1993;Cowell and Thom, 1997;Hardisty, 1994) rather than provide compelling evidence of increased storminess and climate change.…”

Section: Background: Predicted Long-term Metocean Trendsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Looking for evidence of climate change impacts in the eastern Irish Sea

Esteves

Williams²,

Brown

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Although storminess is often cited as a driver of long-term coastal erosion, a lack of suitable datasets has only allowed objective assessment of this claim in a handful of case studies. This reduces our ability to understand and predict how the coastline may respond to an increase in "storminess" as suggested by global and regional climate models. With focus on 16 km of the Sefton coastline bordering the eastern Irish Sea (UK), this paper analyses available measured datasets of water level, surge level, wave height, wind speed and barometric pressure with the objective of finding trends in metocean climate that are consistent with predictions. The paper then examines rates of change in shoreline position over the period 1894 to 2005 with the aim of establishing relationships with climatic variability using a range of measured and modelled metocean parameters (with time spans varying from two to eight decades). With the exception of the mean monthly wind speed, available metocean data do not indicate any statistically significant changes outside seasonal and decadal cycles. No clear relationship was found between changes in metocean conditions and rates of shoreline change along the Sefton coast. High interannual variability and the lack of long-term measurements make unambiguous correlations between climate change and shoreline evolution problematic. However, comparison between the North Atlantic Oscillation winter index (NAOw) and coastline changes suggest increased erosion at times of decreasing NAOw values and reduced erosion at times of increasing NAOw values. Erosion tends to be more pronounced when decreasing NAOw values lead to a strong negative NAO phase. At present, anthropogenic changes in the local sediment budget and the short-term impact of extreme events are still the largest threat likely to affect coastal flooding and Correspondence to: L. S. Esteves (l.slompesteves@londonmet.ac.uk) erosion risk in the short-and medium-term. Nevertheless, the potential impacts of climate change in the long-term should not be ignored.

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Section: Background: Predicted Long-term Metocean Trendsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Looking for evidence of climate change impacts in the eastern Irish Sea

Esteves

Williams²,

Brown

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Yet parts of the ''soft'' sediment dominated coast (e.g., sandy systems) are being affected by coastal erosion. Coastal erosion rates on ''soft'' sandy coasts average 0.2-0.5 m/ y and can increase to 1-2 m/y on eastern and southern coasts (Carter and Bartlett, 1990). Some soft sediment coasts where accretion takes place, such as mudflats, may show some resilience to climate-induced changes.…”

Section: Response To Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Salt-Marshes on Peat Substrate: Where Blanket Bogs Encounter the Marine Environment

Cott

Jansen

Chapman

2011

Journal of Coastal Research

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“…Although products of the last glaciation, most coastal materials appear to be derived from onshore, via the steep coastal streams, although in some locations these fluvial sediments have been deposited first on the inner shelf and then reworked and incorporated into the beaches. Further description of this coast is contained in Carter and Bartlett (1990) and Carter (1991).…”

Section: The Coast Of Northeast Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost all the 'soft' stretches of the coast are retreating (Carter and Bartlett, 1990) although rates are generally low. There are several likely causes of erosion, including changes in climate, sea-level rise (as yet not especially serious in Northern Ireland) and various anthropogenic factors (dredging, river regulation, jetty and seawall construction etc.)…”

Section: The Coast Of Northeast Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small scale sediment removal from beaches in Northern Ireland: environmental impact, community perception and conservation management

Carter¹,

Eastwood²,

Bradshaw³

1992

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. Small scale sand removal (loads of 0.5 to 10 tonnes) is a persistent environmental problem on beaches within Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Northern Ireland.2. This study provides the first objective assessment of the problem in the British Isles, examining both the physical and biological impacts on the beach and the cultural background. These approaches are combined to indicate possible management strategies.3. About 5000 to 6000 tonnes of sediment (sand and gravel) was 'drawn' from the eleven beaches in the study area during 1990. The rate and magnitude of sediment removal varied between and within sites, by day of the week and by season.4. There are two direct impacts to the shoreline environment. First, over a long period, the amount of sediment removed is enough to cause serious erosion on some smaller beaches. Up to 80% of shoreline recession can be explained by sand lost through extraction. Second, extraction appears to lead to an impoverished beach fauna. More indirect impacts include the loss of aesthetic quality (important in an area reliant on tourism), disturbance of wildlife, damage to and possible reduction of access provision, and impairing the ability of the shoreline to develop foredunes. 5. The views of the coastal community are quite polarized. One group (about 55%) wish to see sand removal cease, while the remainder (45%) d o not. lnterviews with people actually taking sand suggest that they d o not see their actions as damaging the environment. 6. Several options for future management are discussed. It would appear that a management prescription for each site, backed by legislation, might relieve the problem.

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Coastal Erosion in Northeast Ireland—Part I: Sand beaches, dunes and river mouths

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Looking for evidence of climate change impacts in the eastern Irish Sea

Looking for evidence of climate change impacts in the eastern Irish Sea

Salt-Marshes on Peat Substrate: Where Blanket Bogs Encounter the Marine Environment

Small scale sediment removal from beaches in Northern Ireland: environmental impact, community perception and conservation management

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