Coastal erosion and mangrove progradation of Southern Thailand

Thampanya, Udomluck; Vermaat, Jan E.; Sinsakul, Sin; Panapitukkul, N.

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2006.01.011

Cited by 287 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The tides in this area are mixed semidiurnal tides, with most days having two high tides and two low tides. The mean tidal range extends from 1.1 m during neap tide to 3.6 m during spring tide (Thampanya et al, 2006). Based on geomorphological evidence from sandy hooks and spits, northwarddirected current-induced longshore sediment transport occurs in the study area Brill et al, 2014b).…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Sakuna-Schwartz

Feldens

Schwarzer

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Tsunami, storm and flash-flood event layers, which have been deposited over the last century on the shelf offshore Khao Lak (Thailand, Andaman Sea), are identified in sediment cores based on sedimentary structures, grain size compositions, Ti / Ca ratios and 210 Pb activity. Individual offshore tsunami deposits are 12 to 30 cm in thickness and originate from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. They are characterized by (1) the appearance of sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris and (2) the appearance of mud and sand clasts. Storm deposits found in core depths between 5 and 82 cm could be attributed to recent storm events by using 210 Pb profiles in conjunction with historical data of typhoons and tropical storms. Massive sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris characterize storm deposits. The last classified type of event layer represents reworked flash-flood deposits, which are characterized by a fining-upward sequence of muddy sediment. The most distinct difference between storm and tsunami deposits is the lack of mud and sand clasts, mud content and terrigenous material within storm deposits. Terrigenous material transported offshore during the tsunami backwash is therefore an important indicator to distinguish between storm and tsunami deposits in offshore environments.

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Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Sakuna-Schwartz

Feldens

Schwarzer

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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show abstract

“…Only the significant, independent variables are presented. Full model contained: delta area, average discharge, coastal slope, net subsidence, max surge, wave climate, coastal population density, GDPpc and relative sea level rise in 2100, given the A2 scenario (cf Table 1 we recognize that often land degradation in the hinterland has historically provided the sediment to sustain the rapid accretion of deltas (cf Hanson 1990;Lavigne and Gunnell 2006;Thampanya et al 2006;Walling 2006), whereas the last century witnessed major damming of rivers, which starved deltas (Thampanya et al 2006;Walling 2006) and reduced sea level rise (Nicholls and Cazenave 2010;Pokhrel et al 2012). These dams are not easily removed, and it is questionable whether further, up-catchment land degradation is to be favoured to ensure coastal sediment delivery.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent options to cope with vulnerability in subsiding deltas

Vermaat

Eleveld

2012

Climatic Change

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Net subsidence of most major deltas in the world and related vulnerability are thought to be increasing, and this is often linked causally to human activities. This paper examines this causality against a range of co-varying factors. We do so with a principal component analysis of co-variability of a range of geophysical and socio-economical indicators of 33 deltas mainly derived from the DIVA tool. Land potentially lost and people at risk of flooding are our indicators of vulnerability. The former correlated positively with maximum surge height and negatively with net sea level rise. The latter correlated positively with delta area, average river discharge, and maximum surge and negatively with net uplift (or subsidence). Thus, variation in societal vulnerability across deltas depends on short-term, instantaneous risks linked to lowland area, river discharge and storm surges rather than on longer-term, slow, net sea level rise. Delta management should focus on precautionary spatial planning, and on maintenance or restoration of historical sediment delivery and accretion rates. Especially larger deltas with high population densities combine a high risk with the potential to accommodate flood water and mitigate flooding risks. The deltas of the Yangtze-Kiang and GangesBrahmaputra share these characteristics. Here space should allow engineering of flood retention, sedimentation and diversion channels as well as refuges and safe economic hotspots. At the other end, in deltas with a high population density and limited space, like the Chao Praya, means for adaptation must be sought outside the delta proper. In deltas with low population densities, such as the Lena, Yukon or Fly, natural delta dynamics can prevail.

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“…Losses of mangroves and other vegetation can also lead to significant increases of coastal erosion. According to a study by Thampanya et al (2006) net annual land losses of 0.25 km 2 were measured between 1966 and 1998 along the Andaman coastline; along the western Gulf of Thailand coastline, where about 90% of the former mangrove forests had been destroyed, annual erosion rates were even three times higher (0.91 km 2 ). Secondly, coastal ecosystems also provide mitigating functions against land-borne hazards.…”

Section: The Role Of Coastal Ecosystems Regarding Other Risk Mitigatimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is obvious that a loss of mangroves commonly not only leads to coastal erosion and increased sedimentation but also to higher domestic pollution discharge into the open sea and onto coral reefs or seagrass beds. Often shrimp farm enterprises that have replaced mangroves contribute highly to marine pollution (Dierberg & Kiattisimkul 1996, Thampanya et al 2006. The destruction of mangrove ecosystems is therefore often directly responsible for the deterioration of offshore ecosystems, whereas the destruction of offshore ecosystems can also affect the function of mangrove environments (e.g.…”

Section: Mangrove Swampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2004 Tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: Coastal Ecosystem Services, Damages and Resilience

Cochard¹

2011

The Tsunami Threat - Research and Technology

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Coastal erosion and mangrove progradation of Southern Thailand

Cited by 287 publications

References 20 publications

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Divergent options to cope with vulnerability in subsiding deltas

The 2004 Tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: Coastal Ecosystem Services, Damages and Resilience

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