Coastal Conservation And Management

Abstract

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Toward a Global Classification of Coastal Anthromes

“…Coastal villages could be parsed by Goodall's [61] classification of "coastal wet" and "coastal dry" natural terrestrial ecosystems; by their spatial situation within the Global 200 coastal "freshwater biomes" of large river deltas, temperate/tropical/subtropical coastal rivers, and oceanic islands (in the Global 200, mangroves are a terrestrial biome) [61,62,70]; or by local proximity to shorelines characterized by intertidal rock, mud, beach, saltmarsh, mangrove, or reef [23]. Terrestrial coastal croplands would include any agricultural production (below~10 m elevation) bordered by a coastline, and the same would apply to terrestrial coastal rangeland, such as grazed cliff tops [71] and upper marshes [72,73]. Forested coastal anthromes might include mangroves [74], maritime forests (such as those typical of temperate barrier islands and marsh uplands), and standard forest types (boreal, temperate, tropical, subtropical) that reach the coastline.…”

Coastal Problems

“…Carey and Oliver (1918) repro- duce a chart showing the experimental planting scheme followed by Soren Biorn in 1795, and Pye (1990) records the encouragement of marram planting in the eighteenth century in the Formby area, England. The success or failure of such schemes is often difficult to assess and long Ranwell and Boar (1986) and Doody (1993) Plate 3.4 Watering of planted dunes at Houts Bay, Republic of South Africa (photograph: H.A. It is becoming clear that not all soft engineering schemes involving biophysical methods are as 'environmentally friendly' as perhaps at first they appeared, and some may have serious geomorphological consequences.…”

“…Often the fencing is set too low in the profile, leading to summer accretion followed by erosion in the winter. Now grazing is being reintroduced, as well as some disturbance of the sediment regime (Doody, 1993). The success or failure of such schemes is often difficult to assess and long Ranwell and Boar (1986) and Doody (1993) Plate 3.4 Watering of planted dunes at Houts Bay, Republic of South Africa (photograph: H.A.…”

Effects of middle-term land reclamation on nickel soil-water interaction: a case study from reclaimed salt marshes of Po River Delta, Italy

“…The disadvantages of reclamation are mainly related to a series of physical and chemical changes that the soils suffer as well as the release of trace elements and CO 2 in the environment (Fernández et al 2010). Other drawbacks of this technique are represented by the loss of ecosystems of high biodiversity (Doody 2001) and by the end of salt marsh function as carbon sinks (Connor et al 2001;Lal 2001).…”