Coastal cliff retreat rates at Beit‐Yannay, Israel, in the 20th century

Zviely, Dov; Klein, Micha

doi:10.1002/esp.1019

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Cliff top changes in the English Channel range from 0·10 m/year to 0·50 m/year (May and Heeps, 1985). Cliffs cut into clastics recede at an average rate ranging from 0·07 to 0·25 m/year (Jones and Williams, 1991;Zviely and Klein, 2004) which is a little less than the Sangatte cliff (0·26 m/year). Cliff retreat ranges between 0·10 and 0·30 m/year at Folkestone Warren (May and Heeps, 1985) and also at Strouanne.…”

Section: Cliff Erosion Over Some 60 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolution of soft rock or hard rock coastal cliffs is generally examined using the amount of retreat (Catalao et al, 2002;Pierre and Lahousse, 2003;Zviely and Klein, 2004), the retreat rate (Rudberg, 1967;May, 1971;May and Heeps, 1985;Allison, 1989;Hénaff et al, 2002), the modes -marine processes or subaerian processes (Robinson, 1977;Sunamura, 1982;Nott, 1990;Alveirinho Dias and Neal, 1992;Kirkgöz, 1995;Allison and Kimber, 1998;Benumof et al, 2000;Duperret et al, 2002a;Pierre, 2003a, Brossard and, or the causes of the retreat (static causes, Bonte, 1959;Jones and Williams, 1991;Davies et al, 1998;Duperret et al, 2002b;Costa et al, 2003;or dynamic causes, Caudron et al, 2001). However, these various parameters are often investigated separately, or, in the case of Blanc-Nez, over a reduced and structurally homogeneous section of the coastline (Lahousse and Pierre, 2003b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of groundwater in cliff instability: an example at Cape Blanc‐Nez (Pas‐de‐Calais, France)

Pierre¹,

Lahousse²

2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Cliff retreat in northern Boulonnais is described. The distribution of the amount of retreat is related to structural and topographic factors. Both control the runoff-infiltration balance and therefore the mechanical behaviour of the rocks, which determines the modes of failure. The spatial variability of the retreat rate is explained, but predicting the temporal variability of the retreat rate, which is central to risk management, is much more difficult. Rainfall and piezometric surface data enhanced a 'piston flow' mechanism during November 2000. The result of its occurrence on the stability of the cliff and conditions of its recurrence are examined with a view to better understanding the rate of recession of coastal cliffs and wiser management of risk.

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Section: Cliff Erosion Over Some 60 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of groundwater in cliff instability: an example at Cape Blanc‐Nez (Pas‐de‐Calais, France)

Pierre¹,

Lahousse²

2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…This western coast cliff, situated at highly populated areas, is retreating eastward in the last few decades at about 0.2 m/year, endangering infrastructure, private homes and cultural heritage sites (Perath and Almagor, 1996;Zviely and Klein, 2004;Ben-David, 2001;Katz et al, 2007;Katz, 2008). Effective assessment of the geomorphic processes of the cliff is vital for successful coastal management, contributes to wider analysis of coastal change and essential for furthering understanding of coastal geohazards, particularly in relation to the underlying mechanisms which drive their development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the years researches have monitored and studied geomorphological processes using either classical surveying techniques for small scale phenomena, or aerial photogrammetry for larger ones, mostly in two-dimensional space (Zviely and Klein, 2004;Marques et al, 2010Marques et al, , 2009Redweik et al, 2008;Young et al, 2011;Woolard and Colby, 2002). Since most geomorphological phenomena are three-dimensional in nature, related airborne and terrestrial laser scanning research has expanded substantially, delivering high-resolution elevation models and significantly improving the monitoring of geomorphological processes Lim et al, 2005;Miller et al, 2008;Collins and Sitar, 2008;Pietro et al, 2008;Abellán et al, 2009;Kringer et al, 2009;Filin et al, 2010;Collins et al, 2011;Rose and Basher, 2011;O'Neal and Pizzuto, 2011;Schürch et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Quantification of Morphological Changes Using Multi-Resolution Terrestrial Laser Scans

Arav

Filin

2012

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Detection of changes is a key component for monitoring the dynamics of natural environments. Such detection is involved because of the complexity of such environments and the level of detail that is required in some cases. Answering the need for a detailed documentation of such changes in the surface morphology, a growing number of studies are making use of laser scanners, airborne and terrestrial, to detect and quantify them. For the change detection itself, many point-cloud processing based approaches interpolate the data and apply a pixel-based subtraction. Such analyses are 2.5D by nature and assume a change along fixed trend (mostly vertical) which does not reflect actual surface modifications in complex topographical settings. We propose in this paper a novel methodology for detection of changes in such environments. Our model involves no data loss, is three-dimensional, and requires no imposition of external constraints (e.g., enforcement of a positional constraint). Unique features of the proposed methodology lie in its ability to process point clouds with an unfixed scan resolution, and multiple scans from the same epoch. The proposed model is demonstrated on a site along the Mediterranean coastal cliff, a complex environment which undergoes rapid changes. The proposed model enables the detection of centimeter-scale changes as well as meter-size changes. These results serve as a basis for linking measured deformations with cliff-scale collapse mechanisms in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the cliff erosional processes and possibly identify collapse precursors such as crack widening and mass creep.

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“…The coastline has been observed to recede at an overall rate of 50 cm per year (ALMAGOR, 2005;PERATH and ALMAGOR, 1996;ZVIELY and KLEIN, 2004). This process is more dramatic where the coast consists of weakly consolidated sandstone (kurkar) cliffs (KATZ et al, 2007;WISEMAN et al, 1981) as it exposes the vulnerability of numerous public structures, private housing and archeological sites (KATZ et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing and Locating Very Weak (−2.2 ≥ M L ≥ −3.4) Induced Seismicity in Unstable Sandstone Cliffs by Nanoseismic Monitoring

Wust-Bloch

2009

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Unloaded natural rock masses are known to generate seismic signals (GREEN et al., 2006;HAINZL et al., 2006;HUSEN et al., 2007;KRAFT et al., 2006). Following a 1,000 m 3 mass failure into the Mediterranean Sea, centimeter-wide tensile cracks were observed to have developed on top of an unstable segment of the coastal cliff. Nanoseismic monitoring techniques JOSWIG, 2008), which function as a seismic microscope for extremely weak seismic events, were applied to verify whether brittle failure is still generated within this unconsolidated sandstone mass and to determine whether it can be detected. Sixteen days after the initial mass failure, three small-aperture sparse arrays (Seismic Navigation Systems-SNS) were deployed on top of this 40-m high shoreline cliff. This paper analyzes dozens of spiky nanoseismic (-2.2 C M L C -3.4) signals recorded over one night in continuous mode (at 200 Hz) at very short slant distances (3-67 m). Waveform characterization by sonogram analysis (JOSWIG, 2008) shows that these spiky signals are all short in duration ([0.5 s). Most of their signal energy is concentrated in the 10-75 Hz frequency range and the waveforms display high signal similarity. The detection threshold of the data set reaches M L -3.4 at 15 m and M L -2.7 at 67 m. The spatial distribution of source signals shows 3-D clustering within 10 m from the cliff edge. The time distribution of M L magnitude does not display any decay pattern of M L over time. This corroborates an unusual event decay over time (modified Omori's law), whereby an initial quiet period is followed by regained activity, which then fades again. The polarization of maximal waveform amplitude was used to estimate spatial stress distribution. The orientation of ellipses displaying maximal signal energy is consistent with that of tensile cracks observed in the field and agrees with rock mechanics predictions. The M L -surface rupture length relationship displayed by our data fits a constant-slope extrapolation of empirical data collected by WELLS and COPPERSMITH (1994) for normal fault features at much larger scale. Signal characterization and location as well as the absence of direct anthropogenic noise sources near the monitoring site, all indicate that these nanoseismic signals are generated by brittle failure within the top section of the cliff. The atypical event decay over time that was observed suggests that the cliff material is undergoing post-collapse bulk strain accommodation. This feasibility study demonstrates the potential of nanoseismic monitoring in rapidly detecting, locating and analyzing brittle failure generated within unconsolidated material before total collapse occurs.

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Coastal cliff retreat rates at Beit‐Yannay, Israel, in the 20th century

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

The role of groundwater in cliff instability: an example at Cape Blanc‐Nez (Pas‐de‐Calais, France)

The role of groundwater in cliff instability: an example at Cape Blanc‐Nez (Pas‐de‐Calais, France)

Detection and Quantification of Morphological Changes Using Multi-Resolution Terrestrial Laser Scans

Characterizing and Locating Very Weak (−2.2 ≥ M L ≥ −3.4) Induced Seismicity in Unstable Sandstone Cliffs by Nanoseismic Monitoring

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