Coastal areas and climate change: A decision support tool for implementing adaptation measures

Indices of Coastal Vulnerability to Climate Change: a Review

“…A holistic approach is crucial in order to assess coastal vulnerability, as excluding features may lead to unrealistic results (Li and Li 2011 ). Furthermore, high spatial resolution is crucial for the effectiveness of vulnerability indices (Gargiulo et al 2020 ), taking into consideration factors that cannot be evaluated at large scales (Torresan et al 2008 ).…”

“…It is difficult for a definition to include every assessment context, as it is used in different policies and systems exposed to diverse hazards (Nguyen et al 2016 ). However, related to CC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2014 ) definition of vulnerability has been acknowledged by researchers (e.g., Li et al 2019 ; Gargiulo et al 2020 ). It is defined as “the propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected.…”

“…According to Gargiulo et al ( 2020 ), coastal vulnerability can be considered as the integration of sensitivity and social vulnerability of coastal areas. For this purpose, physical, socio-environmental and socio-economic aspects of coastal areas are taken into consideration.…”

“…For this purpose, physical, socio-environmental and socio-economic aspects of coastal areas are taken into consideration. The analysis of vulnerability is occasionally carried out using complex indices (Gargiulo et al 2020 ). Vulnerability is also strictly linked with adaptation, as the adaptive capacity is described as the ability of systems, institutions, humans and other organisms to adjust and respond to potential damage, for example due to weather extremes (IPCC 2001 , 2014 ).…”

Coastal resilience potential as a coefficient of the coastal erosion risk assessment, and the management of risk areas via nature-based solutions

“…Resilience potential someway defines the limit of capacities to cope, that once is overpassed, represents a stress point after which any recover from the impact would be possible. (Lu et al, 2012) Indices for the urban resilience were calculated, but mainly regards habitats status or urban capacity to re asset (Gargiulo et al, 2020).…”