Coastal Aquaculture Development in Bangladesh: Unsustainable and Sustainable Experiences

Azad, Abul Kalam; Jensen, Kathe R.; Lin, Ching‐Fuh

doi:10.1007/s00267-009-9356-y

Cited by 109 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The shrimp culture in Ecuador has transformed the regional balance of the economy with respect to production, employment and habitation [40]. Similarly, the economic benefits of shrimp aquaculture in Asia are well recognized including employment opportunities [36,41,42]. Additionally, this industry contributes to poverty reduction and food security, as well as generates employment from seed collectors to exporters [43].…”

Section: Development and Characteristics Of Shrimp Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brackish Shrimp Farming in Northeastern Brazil: The Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts and Sustainability

Sá¹,

Sousa²,

Rocha³

et al. 2013

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Despite the economic importance of farmed shrimp, a number of technical, environmental, economic and social problems have been widely reported in the international literature. This paper focuses on the environmental and socio-economic impacts of semi-intensive and intensive shrimp farming in the coastal region of Northeastern Brazil and the identification of options for sustainable production. In this Region, the total area dedicated to shrimp farming is approximately 18,500 ha, of which 5750 ha are located in Ceará State. The estuary of Jaguaribe river has the largest number of shrimp farms in the state of Ceará. Currently, the industry has 64 participating farms with a total area dedicated to shrimp farming of 2411.3 ha. In 2011, the total production was 13,110 tons of shrimp with an average yield of 6.3 ton ha −1 ·year −1 in a pond area of 2071.2 ha. This industry employs 2350 people that represent 23.2% of jobs generated in the two municipalities where the Jaguaribe river estuary is inserted. Compared with other countries, Brazil has reduced its exports due to high cost inputs for shrimp farming. However, the Brazilian shrimp industry has benefited from high domestic prices, despite the decreases in international price of shrimp. In 2011, the prices for size category ranged between U$ 4.67 -6.04 for 80/100 (count of head-on shrimp), U$ 4.95 -6.60 for 70/80 and U$ 5.85 -8.10 for 50/60. The major environmental impacts in this industry have focused on the water pollution and loss of mangroves. However, no change in parameters of water quality was observed during the period 2010-2012, indicating that this estuary has some capacity to process pond-derived nutrients while only 3.7 ha of mangrove forests were used to shrimp pond. The results of this investigation demonstrate that Brazilian shrimp industry requires improved management and development policy for a sustainable growth.

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Section: Development and Characteristics Of Shrimp Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brackish Shrimp Farming in Northeastern Brazil: The Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts and Sustainability

Sá¹,

Sousa²,

Rocha³

et al. 2013

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“…These two factors together provided a catalyst to accelerate shrimp farming (Karim, 1986). From 1979 to 1980, slightly more than 20 000 ha were placed under shrimp production (Ahmed, 1988), an area that had increased to c. 240 000 ha by the 2008-2009period (DoF, 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Shrimp-Based Cropping Systems on Salinity and Soil Fertility in a Coastal Area of Bangladesh: A Village-Level Study

Rahman¹,

Ando²,

Takeda³

2013

JAS

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The present study analysed soil salinity and some essential soil nutrients for rice plant as affected by a shrimp-based cropping system in a coastal area of Bangladesh. The study was conducted in a village located in Satkhira district. Two main cropping systems, the shrimp-boro rice cropping system and the aman rice-boro rice cropping system, are mainly practised by local farmers in the study village. Soil and water samples were collected from the plots of these cropping systems and chemical analysis was done to measure the salinity level of the soil and water as well as to find out the nutrient status of the soil. The data was also collected for economic analysis and estimated rice and shrimp yield from the local farmers. The results revealed that the soil salinity level of the shrimp-boro rice cropping system was higher than that of aman rice-boro over the consecutive years of 2010, 2011 and 2012. The soil was found to be moderately saline. The organic matter content, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur levels of the soil in the shrimp-boro rice system were increased, while the total nitrogen, phosphorus, boron and zinc availability decreased. It was also found that the yield of boro rice was 4,950 kg/ha whereas the aman rice yield was 3,020 kg/ha and that for shrimp the yield was calculated as 268 kg/ha for one growing season (six months). The total income from boro rice, aman rice and shrimp was calculated as 127,760 Tk, 87,118 Tk and 149,476 Tk, respectively. The paper concludes that although some nutrient elements were available in adequate amounts, salinity kept these nutrients from being taken up by the rice plants since salinity changes the osmotic pressure of the soil solution system. This may ultimately lead to a reduction in rice yield and threaten the sustainability of the local shrimp-boro rice cropping system.

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“…In the wet season, Azad et al (2009) found that about 75% of farmers in the south-western zone and 98% in the central zone cultured fresh-water shrimp in their low-lying land. Furthermore, about 68% of farmers in the south-west and 75% in the central zone grew wet-season rice and fresh-water shrimp together in the gher in this season.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shrimp farming has made a considerable contribution to the economy of the country in terms of foreign exchange earnings, as well as to the livelihoods of farm families by increasing their income, generating employment, and increasing food availability (Azad et al 2009;. In 2001-02, about 0.6 million people were employed in the shrimp sector (Islam et al 2005).…”

Section: Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the role of brackish-water shrimp culture in farming and livelihood systems has received considerable attention because of its potentially high returns and its interaction with an increasingly saline environment. Azad et al (2009) conducted a broad survey to characterize the existing farming practices in the south-western and central coastal zones. In the dry season they observed that, in the south-western zone, a few farmers (17.5 %) cultured brackish water shrimp in the nearby canals and rivers along with dry season rice in the fields, but none of the farmers in the central coastal zone cultured brackishwater shrimp due to reduced flows of tidal water.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sustainability of Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Coastal Bangladesh: Bio-Economic Analysis of Current and Future Climate Scenarios

Kabir¹

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Agricultural sustainability is an issue of great significance for Bangladesh, especially in the vulnerable conditions of the south-west coastal region. This is the case both currently and in light of projected climate and salinity trends in the coastal region. The research reported in this thesis aimed to assess the current and future sustainability of rice-based cropping systems in the south-west coastal region and to identify options to improve the livelihoods and food security of coastal dwellers. To achieve this aim, the research sought to evaluate the contributions of rice and other crops to the agroeconomic viability (profitability and risk) of current cropping systems; to assess the implications of projected future climate and salinity for the economic viability of alternative cropping systems; and to explore the dynamics of farm-level adaptation to changes in climate and salinity.The farm household was taken as the basic unit of analysis and conventional techniques of farm management research (partial, enterprise, whole-farm, and stochastic budgets) were used, supplemented with the results of climate and crop simulation models to project economic viability in future scenarios. Tools from rural livelihoods analysis were also applied to the study of household adaptation strategies. Two contrasting villages in Dacope Sub-district were chosen for the research.In Shaheberabad arable land was widely used for rice and non-rice cropping, while farmers in Uttar Kaminibasia practised rice/fish farming in the wet season and brackish-water shrimp farming in the dry season. Four household types were identified -large, medium, small, and landless -to capture the range of circumstances within each village. A range of quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to collect data from these villages and household types, including group interviews, key informant interviews, household case studies, and household questionnaire surveys.Rice farming was the most important livelihood activity in the wet season in both villages, providing food, cash, and employment. In the dry season, the rice fields were used for a range of non-rice crops in Shaheberabad or for brackish-water shrimp in Uttar Kaminibasia. In addition, homestead gardening, aquaculture, and livestock rearing were undertaken, more in the first village than the second. Wage employment and/or self-employment activities were also integral to the livelihoods of most households. This diversification itself contributed to sustainability.The currently-practised rice/non-rice and rice-fish/shrimp systems were economically viable given typical seasonal yields and prices. However, seasonal variability in yields and prices affected the profitability of the cropping systems. The profitability of dry-season crops in Shaheberabad was frequently affected by climatic stresses (erratic rainfall and drought) and soil salinity, due mainly to inadequate access to freshwater irrigation. Likewise, the profitability of shrimp in Uttar Kaminibasia iii was affected by climatic...

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Coastal Aquaculture Development in Bangladesh: Unsustainable and Sustainable Experiences

Cited by 109 publications

References 31 publications

Brackish Shrimp Farming in Northeastern Brazil: The Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts and Sustainability

Brackish Shrimp Farming in Northeastern Brazil: The Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts and Sustainability

Effect of Shrimp-Based Cropping Systems on Salinity and Soil Fertility in a Coastal Area of Bangladesh: A Village-Level Study

The Sustainability of Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Coastal Bangladesh: Bio-Economic Analysis of Current and Future Climate Scenarios

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