‘Coal-to-electricity’ project is ongoing in north China

Xu, Shuxue; Wang, Yueyue; Niu, Jilei; Ma, Guoyuan

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.116525

Cited by 44 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…First, we find that the implementation of coal-switching programs significantly contributes to the energy transition in rural Beijing, which is consistent with the previous study. − ,− The Sankey diagrams show that households involved in one of the coal-switching programs are related to far greater use of modern energy. Besides, the regression results show that households participating in coal-to-electricity and coal-to-gas policies are associated with lower solid fuels by an average of 7.5–13.2%, taking households without participating in any policy as a benchmark.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In 2013, Beijing turned its focus to rural areas, attempting to eliminate poor-quality coal in rural areas. Beijing municipal government officially began its coal-to-electricity and coal-to-gas policies on a large scale in 2016, by issuing two official policy documents in succession, “Beijing 2016 Implementation Plan for “Coal to Clean Energy and Coal Reduction and Replacement” in Rural Areas” and “Beijing 2016–2020 Work Plan for Accelerating the Promotion of Clean Energy Replacement of Civilian Coal”, which marked the beginning of the coal-to-electricity and coal-to-gas policies in rural Beijing. − Burning coal for heating in these rural households was officially forbidden, and they were expected to achieve ″coal-free″ status before October 31, 2017a goal explicitly stated in the Beijing Municipal Government Work Program . Further, in 2017, China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the “Planning of Winter Clean Heating in North China”, implying a wider implementation of coal-to-electricity and coal-to-gas policy in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. ,− The implementation of the coal-switching program is detailed in Supporting Information S1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Peer Effects in China’s Energy Transition: Evidence from Rural Beijing

Zhu

Huang

Wei

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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China's efforts to encourage energy transition from coal to cleaner methods of space heating have gained great achievement. However, not all progress met expectations; that is, some households still rely on solid fuel. Sociocultural factors provide one plausible explanation. While existing studies have examined and quantified the socioeconomic factors, little attention has been paid to the peer effects that are often critical in the Chinese cultural context. This study first presents household energy consumption patterns using household-level data on the coal-switching program in rural Beijing. It shows that the coalswitching program did not completely eliminate the use of solid fuel for space heating as expected. To explore the underlying determinants, we apply an econometric model of the forces driving energy transition, focusing on peer effects. The results confirm that the coal-switching program significantly reduces the use of solid fuel. Moreover, it reveals that the peer effect, measured by the average village-level solid fuel use rate, matters for households' fuel choices. We also find that the peer effect varies with different income levels and policies. These findings provide new evidence and insights for future policy design.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Peer Effects in China’s Energy Transition: Evidence from Rural Beijing

Zhu

Huang

Wei

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The main anthropogenic sources of air pollution in Beijing during the heating season are coal-burning for heating and vehicle emissions due to rapid urbanization ( Liu et al, 2018 ; Xu et al, 2019 ). A series of measures were implemented to improve air quality in the city, such as “Action Plan on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution” ( Zhang et al, 2016 ), “Joint Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution” ( Wang and Zhao, 2018 ), “Coal to Electricity” and “Coal to Gas” projects ( Shuxue et al, 2020 ). The actions have been found to effectively reduce the PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentrations ( Barrington-Leigh et al, 2019 ; Cheng et al, 2019 ; de Foy et al, 2016b ; Wang et al, 2017b ; Zhang et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competing PM2.5 and NO2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns

Hua

Zhang

Foy

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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The holiday effect is a useful tool to estimate the impact on air pollution due to changes in human activities. In this study, we assessed the variations in concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) during the holidays in the heating season from 2014 to 2018 based on daily surface air quality monitoring measurements in Beijing. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) is used to analyze pollutant concentrations for 34 sites by comprehensively accounting for annual, monthly, and weekly cycles as well as the nonlinear impacts of meteorological factors. A Saturday effect was found in the downtown area, with about 4% decrease in PM 2.5 and 3% decrease in NO 2 relative to weekdays. On Sundays, the PM 2.5 concentrations increased by about 5% whereas there were no clear changes for NO 2 . In contrast to the small effect of the weekend, there was a strong holiday effect throughout the region with average increases of about 22% in PM 2.5 and average reductions of about 11% in NO 2 concentrations. There was a clear geographical pattern in the strength of the holiday effect. In rural areas the increase in PM 2.5 is related to the proportion of coal and biomass consumption for household heating. In the suburban areas between the Fifth Ring Road and Sixth Ring Road there were larger reductions in NO 2 than downtown which might be due to decreased traffic as many people return to their hometown for the holidays. This study provides insights into the pattern of changes in air pollution due to human activities. By quantifying the changes, it also provides insights for improvements in air quality due to control policies implemented in Beijing during the heating season.

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“…This phenomenon is especially noticeable in Asian emerging countries, such as China and India. Since 2014, the project of “Coal to Electricity” has been promoted in China’s northern area in response to heavy pollution episodes in this region . Despite the fact that this policy was originally intended to control air pollution and was reported to have no significant effect on carbon mitigation, our assessment indicated that replacing the residential coal with electricity that derived from coal combustion in power plants may be quite beneficial to cooling the earth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Divergent Energy-Climate Nexus in the Global Fuel Combustion Processes

Jiang

Men

Xing

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Fuel combustion provides basic energy for the society but also produces CO 2 and incomplete combustion products that threaten human survival, climate change, and global sustainability. A variety of fuels burned in different facilities expectedly have distinct impacts on climate, which remains to be quantitatively assessed. This study uses updated emission inventories and an earth system model to evaluate absolute and relative contributions in combustion emission-associated climate forcing by fuels, sectors, and regions. We showed that, from 1970 to 2014, coal burned in the energy sector and oil used in the transportation sector contributed comparable energies consumed (24 and 20% of the total) but had distinct climate forcing (1 and 40%, respectively). Globally, coal burned for energy production had negative impacts on climate forcing but positive effects in the residential sector. In many developing countries, coal combustion in the energy sector had negative radiative forcing (RF) per unit energy consumed due to insufficient controls on sulfur and scattering aerosol levels, but oils in the transportation sector had high positive RF values. These results had important implications on the energy transition and emission reduction actions in response to climate change. Distinct climate efficiencies of energies and the spatial heterogeneity implied differentiated energy utilization strategies and pollution control policies by region and sector.

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‘Coal-to-electricity’ project is ongoing in north China

Cited by 44 publications

References 15 publications

Role of Peer Effects in China’s Energy Transition: Evidence from Rural Beijing

Role of Peer Effects in China’s Energy Transition: Evidence from Rural Beijing

Competing PM2.5 and NO2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns

Divergent Energy-Climate Nexus in the Global Fuel Combustion Processes

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