Coal-derived synthetic graphite with high specific capacity and excellent cyclic stability as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

High Graphitic Carbon Derived from Coconut Coir Waste by Promoting Potassium Hydroxide in the Catalytic Graphitization Process for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

“…When amorphous carbon from coconut coir was pyrolyzed up to 1200 °C under inert atmosphere, there was no significant structural change. During pyrolysis with increasing temperature to above 2500 °C, there is a typical stage that occurs causing atomic rearrangements, ,, which are as follows: (I) high content of amorphous carbon and defects caused by dangling bonds on the aromatic rings; (II) amorphous carbon transforms to a more ordered structure by increasing aromatic structure and reducing defects; (III) sheets of aromatic structure grow turbostratically; and (IV) the aromatic structure sheet stack more ordered, graphitic carbon. The amorphous structure still dominates in the carbon sample of 1200-CC.…”

“…Catalytic graphitization is the preferred strategy for obtaining the graphitic structure of carbon at relatively lower temperatures than that of conventional graphite production. 9 Certain transition metals such as iron (Fe), 16,17 cobalt (Co), 18 nickel (Ni), 19−21 chromium (Cr), or manganese (Mn) 22,23 have been used as catalysts to reduce the graphitization temperature due to the catalytic activity of metal particles that form during the process. 24 In our previous work, graphitic nanostructures of coconut coir carbon have been formed using a Ni-based catalyst at a temperature of 1200 °C with a graphitization degree of 1.16 (I G /I D ), corresponding to a half of I G /I D for that commercial graphite.…”

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most commercially used electrical energy storage technologies. − With the high demand for rechargeable energy storage systems, the demand for electrode materials including anode materials for LIBs is also increasing. Graphite has remained one of the most commercially attractive anode materials for LIBs since its first commercialization by Sony Corporation in 1991 due to their excellent properties such as the high conductivity and reversibility for intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions, low operation potential (close to Li + /Li), and also a relatively high specific capacity (372 mA h/g). , Graphite for anode of LIBs is generally produced from fossil fuel-derived material sources, such as petroleum coke, coal-tar, or pitch, − and it can increase CO 2 emissions and raise concerns about sustainability and availability. In addition, high energy and production cost are required to obtain graphite from its precursor owing to high temperature of structural converting process (>2000 °C). − In response to this challenge, the utilization of sustainable and low-cost carbon sources with a simple fabrication method has become a focus of the energy research field.…”

“…Hence, in this study, a graphitic carbon was prepared from coconut coir waste as a sustainable and low-cost carbon source for LIB anodes. Catalytic graphitization is the preferred strategy for obtaining the graphitic structure of carbon at relatively lower temperatures than that of conventional graphite production . Certain transition metals such as iron (Fe), , cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), − chromium (Cr), or manganese (Mn) , have been used as catalysts to reduce the graphitization temperature due to the catalytic activity of metal particles that form during the process .…”

Preparation of artificial graphite coated with sodium alginate as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion battery study and its lithium storage properties

“…In the field of energy storage, lithium-ion batteries are developing rapidly as a new energy conversion device [3][4][5] , and the electrode material is one of the important factors in determining the performance of lithium-ion batteries [6][7][8] ,to meet the needs of rapid charge and discharge of power batteries [9][10] , the electrode material should have good rate performance [11][12] . The anode material plays a crucial role in the battery's performance due to its specific capacity and working voltage [13][14] . The hexagonal arrangement of graphite sheet and two-dimensional extension of graphite provides the cathode material with layer (Fig.…”