Coal Demand and Environmental Regulations: A Case Study of the Polish Power Sector

Kaszyński, Przemysław; Kamiński, Jacek

doi:10.3390/en13061521

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…It can also be stated that it responds better to some unexpected reactions in the time series, for example, political decisions that are not a continuation of the adopted strategies. Przemysław Kaszynski and Jacek Kaminski [20] proposed the linear programming approach, which reflected the key relationships between the hard and brown coal mining sector and the power sector in the context of the environmental regulations. On the other hand, in the works [21][22][23][24], artificial neural networks LSTM were used as tools that allow forecasting time series with a small number of statistical data, which is the case in this analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the LSTM Network to Forecast the Demand for Electricity in Poland

Manowska

2020

Applied Sciences

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The impact of environmental regulations introduced by the European Union is of key importance for electricity generation systems. The Polish fuel structure of electricity production is based on solid fuels. Moreover, the generating base is outdated and must gradually be withdrawn from the power system. In this context, Poland’s energy policy is undergoing a transformation as climate and environmental regulations are becoming increasingly stringent for the energy sector based on solid fuels (hard coal and lignite). However, the transformation process must be adapted to market demands, because the overriding goal is to ensure energy security by maintaining the continuity of energy supplies and an acceptable electricity price. This directly contributes to the development of the entire economy and the standard of living of the society, in accordance with the European Agreement establishing an association between the Republic of Poland and the European Communities and their Member States, signed on 16 December 1991, and the European Energy Charter, signed on 17 December 1991. Ensuring energy security is the most important goal of the energy policy. Therefore, energy companies must forecast the demand. The main goal of this article is to develop a mathematical model of electricity consumption by 2040 by all sectors of the economy: industry, transport, residential, commercial and public services, agriculture, forestry, and fishing. In order to achieve the intended goal, a model was developed by using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) artificial neural networks, which belong to deep learning techniques and reflect long-term relationships in time series for a small set of statistical data. The results show that the proposed model can significantly improve the accuracy of forecasts (1–3% of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the analyzed sectors of the economy).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the LSTM Network to Forecast the Demand for Electricity in Poland

Manowska

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…In 2017, more than half of the hard coal was sent to power plants and combined heat and power plants, and in the case of lignite it was about 98%. Kaszyński and Kamiński [68] presented five scenarios of changes in the structure of the energy sector in Poland until 2050, taking into account the EU environmental policy. They predict a drastic reduction in the demand for hard coal, while the consumption of lignite will drop practically to zero in all the scenarios considered.…”

Section: Csr In the Energy Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does CSR Affect the Profitability and Valuation of Energy Companies? An Example from Poland

Zieliński

Jonek-Kowalska

2021

Energies

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The article refers to the issues of financial profitability of undertaking CSR activities, which is widely reported in literature. The four largest electricity producing companies in Poland were selected for the analysis. The research period covers the years 2009–2019, when the index of socially responsible companies was operating on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The main purpose of the article is to compare the profitability ratios and quotations of energy companies in Poland declaring themselves socially responsible with companies of the same sector that have not expressed such a declaration. The results obtained on the basis of descriptive statistics, concerning profitability ratios and stock market quotations, indicate no relationship between their level and stability and the companies’ declarations of compliance with social responsibility. Companies declaring themselves socially responsible were placed in the ranking between the results of companies that did not belong to the indicated index. This may be the result of the specific situation of energy companies in Poland.

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“…Energy is a major factor to achieve sustainable development goals because energy use is essential for economic, environment and social development [17][18][19]. Securing the necessary minimum energy supply in each country is a basic condition for the energy security of the state and its citizens [20][21][22][23]. Research indicates that further actions are needed to increase energy efficiency by introducing a greater share of renewable energy [24,25] and more effective policies reducing energy consumption by households [26].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of the Level of Sustainable Development of Energy Markets in the European Union Countries

Bluszcz

Manowska

2020

Energies

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The economic development of the EU’s countries depends on stable and permanent access to various energy sources. The integration of European energy markets is a long-term process. Each member country has a different energy balance, energy resources and electricity generation technologies. Therefore, comparing Member States with one another is a complex task. The article deals with organizing the set of objects in multidimensional spaces of variables from the point of view of a certain characteristics that cannot be measured in a simple way, i.e., the relative level of the development of energy markets. The following diagnostic variables were adopted for the analysis: consumption of electric energy generated from renewables per capita (TWH/person), hard coal consumption (million tons/person), greenhouse gas emissions per capita, available for final consumption gigawatt-hour per person, final energy consumption thousand tons of oil equivalent (TOE) per person, petroleum available for final consumption (gigawatt-hour), natural gas (terajoule gross calorific value-GCV) per person, energy intensity of GDP (kilograms of oil equivalent (KGOE) per thousand euro, import dependency %. The article draws upon the cluster analysis, which uses the methods and techniques that enable to extract such objects (countries) from the data set, which would be similar to each other and combine them into groups. The purpose of the article is to examine and discus the diversity of Member States on the level of development of energy markets taking into account the specific situation of Poland. The presented model has the potential to be used at the level of enterprises from various industries to evaluate the level of sustainable development. The algorithm modification will only require the selection of available diagnostic variables describing the given enterprise.

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Coal Demand and Environmental Regulations: A Case Study of the Polish Power Sector

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Using the LSTM Network to Forecast the Demand for Electricity in Poland

Using the LSTM Network to Forecast the Demand for Electricity in Poland

Does CSR Affect the Profitability and Valuation of Energy Companies? An Example from Poland

Differentiation of the Level of Sustainable Development of Energy Markets in the European Union Countries

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