Coal-bearing strata of Labuan: Mode of occurrences, organic petrographic characteristics and stratigraphic associations

Abdullah, Wan Hasiah; Lee, Chai Peng; Gou, Patrick; Shuib, Mustaffa Kamal; Ng, Tham Fatt; Albaghdady, Alsharef; Mislan, Mohd Fazdly; Mustapha, Khairul Azlan

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.05.017

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Thus, we conclude that the conglomerates do not mark the DRU and the whole facies association of heterolithics, conglomerates, and sandstones on Labuan is assigned here to the Belait Formation. This is supported by WanHasiah et al (2013) who also re-interpreted the previous DRU contact on Labuan as an intraformational erosive surface. The contact with…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…3). Wan Hasiah et al (2013) included this unit in the Belait Formation and termed it Lower Belait; however, they still put the Setap Shale underneath it. Here we consider all steeply dipping shale-slate-sandstone alternations that show evidence of deformation and deep marine environment as Temburong Formation, and interpret the Belait Formation to lie directly and unconformably above the turbiditic Temburong Formation (Fig.…”

Section: Late Early Miocene -Middle Miocenementioning

confidence: 99%

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A new upper Paleogene to Neogene stratigraphy for Sarawak and Labuan in northwestern Borneo: Paleogeography of the eastern Sundaland margin

Hennig-Breitfeld

Breitfeld

Hall

et al. 2019

Earth-Science Reviews

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The Miri Zone in Sarawak contains thick Paleogene to Neogene sedimentary successions that extend offshore into the Sarawak Basin (Balingian and Central Luconia Provinces) and Sabah Basin. Exploration offshore has shown the Sarawak Basin in the South China Sea contains major hydrocarbon reservoirs. The sediments on land are age equivalents of the offshore successions and can be used to provide insights into their sedimentological and stratigraphic relations. However, because the rocks are found in mountainous regions covered by dense rainforest much of the stratigraphy in the Miri Zone is poorly known, as are timings and causes of major unconformities in the region that are essential for understanding the tectonic history, basin development, and sedimentary pathways. In this study we integrate fieldwork, U-Pb zircon dating, biostratigraphy, and light and heavy mineral analyses to present a revised stratigraphy for the region as well as paleogeographic maps, including major paleo-river systems for the main sedimentary basins. Rocks studied include parts of the Cretaceous to Eocene deep marine Rajang Group, fluvial to marginal marine sediments of the Oligocene to Early Miocene Tatau, Buan, Nyalau and Setap Shale Formations, and the Miocene sediments which are assigned to the Balingian, Begrih and Liang Formations in the Mukah-Balingian province, and the Belait Formation on Labuan. There is still much debate about the timings or even existence of some important unconformities offshore, such as the Middle Miocene Unconformity (MMU) and Deep Regional Unconformity (DRU). We propose to avoid the ambiguous time-based terminology that has been used for different events by different authors. Instead, our results from the on-land stratigraphy show two main unconformities in northern Sarawak; one at c. 37 Ma (Rajang Unconformity), marking the change from deep marine to fluvial-marginal marine sedimentation, and another one at c. 17 Ma (Nyalau Unconformity) which is related to widespread uplift in Borneo and changing river systems.

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confidence: 60%

Section: Late Early Miocene -Middle Miocenementioning

confidence: 99%

A new upper Paleogene to Neogene stratigraphy for Sarawak and Labuan in northwestern Borneo: Paleogeography of the eastern Sundaland margin

Hennig-Breitfeld

Breitfeld

Hall

et al. 2019

Earth-Science Reviews

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“…Coal is the main nonrenewable energy resource consumed in China. Due to the advancement of coal mining in recent years, mining depths have reached 1,300 m and are estimated to reach 1,500 m within the next 20 years (Fan et al., 2019a; Hasiah et al., 2013; Levine, 1986). As mining depth increases, the in situ stress as well as the pressure and content of gas in coal seams will increase, causing a corresponding increase in the outburst risk of coal seams (Li et al., 2017; Zou and Lin, 2018; Li et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the sensitivity index and its critical value for outburst risk prediction: A case study in Fuxiang mine, China

Wang

Sun

et al. 2020

Adsorption Science & Technology

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Gas occurrence in coal seams shows zonation, and the outburst risk prediction index is significantly affected by coal seam gas. For different coal mine, the sensitivity of prediction index of outburst risk is inconsistent, and the different area of the same coal mine can present different sensitivities to the same index. In this study, we measured the industrial analysis of coals and determined the degree of outburst risk of each coal seam using coal samples with the particle size of 1 ∼ 3 mm. The relationships between the equilibrium gas pressure and gas desorption index of drill cuttings, between the desorption index of drill cuttings and the adsorption pressure, and between the critical values of the indexes of drill cuttings were also analyzed using the fuzzy clustering method. Based on the analysis of the particle size distribution of coal samples, the influence of grain size on the critical value of the drill cuttings desorption index was studied. The results showed that the critical values of the desorption index of drill cuttings were different under different adsorption equilibrium gas pressures, and those critical values increased with increasing adsorption equilibrium gas pressure. The desorption index of drill cuttings and adsorption equilibrium gas pressure had a linear relationship, and the higher the degree of outburst risk was, the greater the slope of the fitting function and the smaller the intercept; under the same gas pressure of adsorption equilibrium, there was a linear relationship between Δh2 and K1, and the higher the outburst risk of coal seam was, the smaller the slope of the fitting function and the greater the intercept. The drill cuttings desorption index Δh2 was more sensitive than the index K1. Under the same test pressure, the smaller the particle size of the coal samples was, the greater the value of desorption index of drill cuttings and the higher the outburst risk of coal seam. The research results have significant theoretical importance and practical value for the prediction and prevention of coal and gas outbursts in coal mines with similar occurrence conditions of coal seams.

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A tuffaceous volcaniclastic turbidite bed of Early Miocene age in the Temburong Formation of Labuan, North‐West Borneo and its implications for the Proto‐South China Sea subduction in the Burdigalian

Burley

Breitfeld

Stanbrook

et al. 2021

The Depositional Record

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A 2 m thick bed of smectite‐rich clay within a sequence of distal deep water turbidites and marine mudstones of the Temburong Formation on the island of Labuan, Sabah, North‐West Borneo, is an altered, re‐sedimented pyroclastic tuff which is geochemically of rhyolite‐dacite composition. The tuff bed was deposited in deep water, although probably <1,000 m, by traction currents and retains relic siliceous shards, feldspar phenocrysts and biotite crystals but was dominated by ash‐grade material. The tuff is interpreted as a turbidite deposit and most probably records long distance sub‐marine transport down the depositional slope from an active volcanic system in the hinterland. It has a zircon U–Pb weighted mean age of 19.6 ± 0.1 Ma whilst combined forminiferal and nannofossil ages from the enclosing marine mudstones range from 21.5 to 19.4 Ma; together these indicate an early Miocene age for the Temburong Formation. The tuff is the result of a very short‐lived volcanic arc magmatic episode and was either related to similar aged volcanics of the Sintang Suite in central Borneo or a product of the Proto‐South China Sea subduction beneath the Cagayan arc north‐east of Borneo. The age indicates that deep water sedimentation in North‐West Borneo continued into the Burdigalian suggesting the subduction trench of the Proto‐South China Sea was active into the early Miocene, beneath the depocentre of the Temburong turbidite fan. By contrast, sandstones representative of the typical marine Temburong Formation yield abundant zircons which are dominately Cretaceous in age indicating an important switch in source provenance during the Early Miocene from the Crocker Formation that is dominated by Permian‐Triassic zircons. This difference in zircon populations likely reflects an important tectonic event in the early Miocene that resulted in uplift of central Borneo to supply sediment to the Sabah Trough whilst the input of material derived from the western terrains diminished. The Temburong Formation was sourced by reworking of uplifted Rajang Group, Sapulut or Trusmadi formations.

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Coal-bearing strata of Labuan: Mode of occurrences, organic petrographic characteristics and stratigraphic associations

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

A new upper Paleogene to Neogene stratigraphy for Sarawak and Labuan in northwestern Borneo: Paleogeography of the eastern Sundaland margin

A new upper Paleogene to Neogene stratigraphy for Sarawak and Labuan in northwestern Borneo: Paleogeography of the eastern Sundaland margin

Determination of the sensitivity index and its critical value for outburst risk prediction: A case study in Fuxiang mine, China

A tuffaceous volcaniclastic turbidite bed of Early Miocene age in the Temburong Formation of Labuan, North‐West Borneo and its implications for the Proto‐South China Sea subduction in the Burdigalian

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