Coal as a Filler in Polymer Composites: A Review

Eterigho-Ikelegbe, Orevaoghene; Yoro, Kelvin O.; Bada, Samson

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105756

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Most polymers are incompatible and immiscible in their virgin nature, but their composites exhibit several properties and can have a broad range of heterogeneous structures and morphologies. Incorporating fillers is a well-developed and established method for improving the properties of polymers, including strength, hardness, rigidity, viscosity and conductivity; it relies on not only the nature and types of polymers (thermoplastic or thermosetting) but also the shape, size, distribution, and nature of the fillers added to enhance properties [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Hybrid Fillers on the Properties of High Density Polyethylene Based Composites

et al. 2022

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The main objective of this work is to develop a variety of hybrid high-density polyethylene (HDPE) micro- and nanocomposites and to investigate their thermal, mechanical, and morphological characteristics as a function of number of fillers and their contents percentage. In this study, 21 formulations of the composites were prepared using fillers with different sizes including micro fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), as well as nano-filler (fumed silica (FS)) though the melt blending technique. The morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composite samples were evaluated. The morphological study revealed negligible filler agglomerates, good matrix–filler interfacial bonding in case of combined both CaCO3 and FS into the composites. Sequentially, improvements in tensile, flexural and Izod impact strengths as a function of fillers loading in the HDPE matrix have been reported. The maximum enhancement (%) of tensile, flexural and impact strengths were 127%, 86% and 16.6%, respectively, for composites containing 25% CaCO3 and 1% FS without any inclusion of talc filler; this indicates that the types/nature, size, quantity and dispersion status of fillers are playing a major role in the mechanical properties of the prepared composites more than the number of the used fillers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Hybrid Fillers on the Properties of High Density Polyethylene Based Composites

et al. 2022

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“…The surface of coal contains functional groups, 5,6 such as hydroxyl (OH), carboxyl (COOH), and ester (COOR) groups, which render coal hydrophilic and prone to agglomerate 7,8 . The modified coal exhibits excellent dispersion, improved compatibility with the matrix, and enhanced interfacial strength, which endow materials with superior thermal insulation, gas barrier, and mechanical properties 9–11 . Tan et al 12 modified coal by ball milling with four active agents which included silane coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pulverized coal/carbon black hybrid fillers on mechanical properties and thermal stability of styrene butadiene rubber composites

Cai,

Yang,

Jiao

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Pulverized coal (coal) possesses a layered structure similar to graphite and is a potential reinforcing filler. In this paper, ball milling is used to reduce the particle diameter of coal. The coal is modified with KH‐560 to obtain K‐COAL and prepared K‐COAL/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. In addition, carbon black (CB) is modified to obtain CB‐Si69, K‐COAL and CB‐Si69 are added to SBR in different ratios to prepare COAL/CB/SBR composites. The results show that the addition of K‐COAL can improve the vulcanization performance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of SBR composites, but the reinforcing effect is weak. In the COAL/CB/SBR composites, the vulcanization and mechanical properties of the composites gradually increase with the increase of CB, while those of the thermal stability decrease. The tensile strength of the 10 phr COAL/30 phr CB/SBR composite is 24.1 MPa, which is elevated by 1105% and 205% compared with the pure SBR and 40 phr K‐COAL/SBR composites, respectively. The composites maintain high elasticity while the tensile strengths are greatly improved, and the mechanical properties are significantly enhanced. In conclusion, this paper provides a reference for the clean utilization of coal and shows new possibilities for finding new fillers to replace CB.

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“…Among many different types of fillers, the carbon ones are worthy of special notice because they can have a positive impact on the physical and chemical properties of polymer composites [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Over the last few decades, polymer–carbon composites have gained wide popularity in scientific and industrial societies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly used carbon fillers are carbon fibers, carbon black, and graphite. It was found that carbon fibers significantly enhance the mechanical strength of composites [ 10 , 11 ] and the carbon black additive improves their thermal properties [ 8 , 9 ], while graphite has a positive impact on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of composites [ 2 , 12 , 14 ]. Less frequently, the fillers based on fossil coals, both raw coals and processed coal products, were used to reinforce polymer matrices [ 2 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Composites with Carbon Fillers Based on Coal Pitch and Petroleum Pitch Cokes: Structure, Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties

Mamunya,

Misiura,

Godzierz

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The effect of particle size and oxidation degree of new carbon microfillers, based on coal pitch (CP) and petroleum pitch (PET) cokes, on the structure as well as thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the composites based on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was investigated. The composites studied have a segregated structure of filler particle distribution in the UHMWPE matrix. It was found that composite with smaller CP grain fraction has the highest Young’s modulus and electrical conductivity compared to the other composites studied, which can be the result of a large contribution of flake-shaped particles. Additionally, conductivity of this composite turned out to be similar to composites with well-known carbon nanofillers, such as graphene, carbon black, and CNTs. Additionally, the relationship between electrical conductivity and Young’s modulus values of composites studied was revealed, which indicates that electrical conductivity is very sensitive to the structure of the filler phase in the polymer matrix. In general, it was established that the properties, especially the electrical conductivity, of the composites studied strongly depends on the size, shape, and oxidative treatment of CP and PET filler particles, and that the CP coke of appropriately small particle sizes and flake shape has significant potential as a conductive filler for polymer composites.

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Coal as a Filler in Polymer Composites: A Review

Cited by 30 publications

References 77 publications

Impact of Hybrid Fillers on the Properties of High Density Polyethylene Based Composites

Impact of Hybrid Fillers on the Properties of High Density Polyethylene Based Composites

Effect of pulverized coal/carbon black hybrid fillers on mechanical properties and thermal stability of styrene butadiene rubber composites

Polymer Composites with Carbon Fillers Based on Coal Pitch and Petroleum Pitch Cokes: Structure, Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties

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