Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Incidence, Pathogenicity, and Treatment in the 1990S

Bailey, E.; Constance, Thomas D.; Albrecht, Lisa M.; Rybak, Michael J.

doi:10.1177/106002809002400715

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Infections due to coagulase-negative species have been increasing (3,13,19). Teicoplanin has a broad MIC distribution for coagulase-negative strains, and resistance or intermediate susceptibility has been reported previously (2,9,11,12,22,23,27,31); vancomycin resistance also occurs (11,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antimicrobial activity of MDL 62,873, a semisynthetic derivative of teicoplanin, in vitro and in experimental infections

Berti¹,

Candiani²,

Borgonovi³

et al. 1992

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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MDL 62,873 is an amide derivative of teicoplanin A2-2. Like those of natural glycopeptides, its antibacterial activity is mediated by inhibition of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis. Against streptococci and enterococci, the in vitro activity of MDL 62,873 was similar to that of teicoplanin and greater than that of vancomycin. Against staphylococci, it has activity similar to that of vancomycin, and it was significantly more active than teicoplanin against coagulase-negative isolates. Like teicoplanin and vancomycin, MDL 62,873 had slow but significant bactericidal activity (99 to 99.9% killing in 24 h) against staphylococci at concentrations near the MIC. In murine septicemia studies with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, the 50% effective doses were lower than those of vancomycin. In staphylococcal endocarditis in rats, MDL 62,873 at 20 mg/kg of body weight and vancomycin at 40 mg/kg, both doses given intravenously twice daily, had similar efficacies in reducing the heart bacterial load. These results probably reflect the longer half-life of MDL 62,873, which has a pharmacokinetic profile in rats similar to that of teicoplanin.Because of the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci, glycopeptide antibiotics have received more attention over the last several years. Among coagulase-negative isolates, whose incidence in serious infection has been increasing (3, 13, 19), teicoplanin-resistant and occasional vancomycin-resistant strains have been reported (2,9,11,12,22,23,27,31). We have been seeking glycopeptide derivatives with improved activities against these strains.MDL 62,211 (CTA-A-1), the amide obtained by the condensation of teicoplanin complex with 3,3-dimethylamino-1-propylamine, had greater in vitro activity than teicoplanin against coagulase-negative staphylococci and was as active as teicoplanin against other bacterial species (15, 21). We have continued our studies with MDL 62,873, the amide of the major peak (A2-2) of the teicoplanin complex. We present data for the antibacterial activity of MDL 62,873 in vitro and in experimental infections in animals as well as data for its pharmacokinetics in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODSAntibacterial agents. MDL 62,873 and teicoplanin powders were from Lepetit. The MDL 62,873 preparations used contained 75 to 80% MDL 62,873 and 20 to 25% the corresponding amides of other components of the teicoplanin complex. This is the preparation intended for further development. Different components of the teicoplanin complex have similar in vitro and in vivo activities (7), and the MDL 62,873 preparation used here had an in vitro activity similar to that of MDL 62,211 (the amide derivative of the teicoplanin complex) (16). Therefore, we do not expect there to be significant differences in activities among the components of the MDL 62,873 preparation. We also used vancomycin (Vancocin HCI; Eli Lilly), ampicillin (Amplital; Farmitalia-Carlo Erba), and erythromycin (Sigma).Bacterial strains. For in vitro studies, we used clinica...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among coagulase-negative isolates, whose incidence in serious infection has been increasing (3,13,19), teicoplanin-resistant and occasional vancomycin-resistant strains have been reported (2,9,11,12,22,23,27,31). We have been seeking glycopeptide derivatives with improved activities against these strains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of MDL 62,873, a semisynthetic derivative of teicoplanin, in vitro and in experimental infections

Berti¹,

Candiani²,

Borgonovi³

et al. 1992

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…One possible approach that has received little attention and needs more research is the use of imipenem disks to determine vancomycin-resistant subpopulations. Schwalbe et al (277) found that S. haemolyticus strains selected by their growth on brain heart infusion agar containing 12 Decreased susceptibility of strains of S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis to another glycopeptide, teicoplanin, has been more prevalent than that found with vancomycin (20,109,161,197). When determining the breakpoints of resistance and susceptibility, several groups have expressed concern over their inability to correlate results (47,119,197).…”

Section: Conventional Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the situation in the 1970s, major shifts have occurred in the decade of the 1980s and in the early 1990s in the etiology of nosocomial infection. Most noticeably, the shifts have been toward the more antibioticresistant pathogens, of which the CNS are a major group (12,113,271). Current antibiotic-prescribing practices, including preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, have led to the selection of antibiotic-resistant organisms (271).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci

1994

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The clinical significance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CNS) continues to increase as strategies in medical practice lead to more invasive procedures. Hospitalized patients that are immunocompromised and/or suffering from chronic diseases are the most vulnerable to infection. Since CNS are widespread on the human body and are capable of producing very large populations, distinguishing the etiologic agent(s) from contaminating flora is a serious challenge. For this reason, culture identification should proceed to the species and strain levels. A much stronger case can be made for the identification of a CNS etiologic agent if the same strain is repeatedly isolated from a series of specimens as opposed to the isolation of different strains of one or more species. Strain identity initially can be based on colony morphology, and then one or more molecular approaches can be used to gain information on the genotype. Many of the CNS species are commonly resistant to antibiotics that are being indicated for staphylococcal infections, with the exception of vancomycin. The widespread use of antibiotics in hospitals has provided a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant genes. The main focus on mechanisms of pathogenesis has been with foreign body infections and the role of specific adhesins and slime produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Slime can reduce the immune response and opsonophagocytosis, thereby interfering with host defense mechanisms. As we become more aware of the various strategies used by CNS, we will be in a better position to compromise their defense mechanisms and improve treatment.

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“…That study detected coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) from as major bacterial species transmitted via ultrasound probes, followed by Corynebacterium species, Bacillus species, and Staphylococcus aureus including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although CNS and Corynebacterium species are common skin microbiota [9], they can cause critical infectious disease in immnosuppressed patients [10,11]. Bacillus subtilis is not a human pathogen, but Bacillus cereus causes various infectious diseases, such as food poisoning, bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis [12].…”

Section: Bacterial Contamination Via Ultrasound Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound probes as a possible vector of bacterial transmission

2013

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Ultrasound probes are usually in a direct contact with the skin when used for detecting pathologic abnormalities. The probe could be a vector of bacterial transmission, but there have been few studies on this topic. We have made such studies, briefly reviewing 1) the conditions governing a possible bacterial transmission by probe, 2) the deterioration of an ultrasound probe by alcohol disinfection, 3) a suitable method for evaluating bacterial contamination of an ultrasound probe, and 4) the best procedure for decontaminating such probes. This paper may lead to a formal consideration of the relationship between ultrasound probes and their roles in bacterial transmission in clinical practice.

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Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Incidence, Pathogenicity, and Treatment in the 1990S

Cited by 12 publications

References 76 publications

Antimicrobial activity of MDL 62,873, a semisynthetic derivative of teicoplanin, in vitro and in experimental infections

Antimicrobial activity of MDL 62,873, a semisynthetic derivative of teicoplanin, in vitro and in experimental infections

Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci

Ultrasound probes as a possible vector of bacterial transmission

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