Coactivation of prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex in working memory tasks revealed by 2DG functional mapping in the rhesus monkey

Friedman, Harriet R.; Goldman‐Rakic, Patricia S.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-05-02775.1994

Cited by 283 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…DLPFC displayed slightly more specialization for general task difficulty, whereas parietal cortex displayed slightly more specialization for the visuospatial properties of the task. This individual voxel analysis is congruent with glucose utilization studies on primates performing spatial working memory tasks (Friedman and Goldman-Rakic, 1994). Glucose utilization in the prefrontal regions is highly correlated with behavioral indices of task difficulty such as error rates; by contrast, glucose utilization in the parietal cortex is more highly correlated with indices of visuospatial involvement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Collaborative Activity between Parietal and Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Dynamic Spatial Working Memory Revealed by fMRI

2000

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Functional MRI was used to determine how the constituents of the cortical network subserving dynamic spatial working memory respond to two types of increases in task complexity. Participants mentally maintained the most recent location of either one or three objects as the three objects moved discretely in either a two-or three-dimensional array. Cortical activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) and the parietal cortex increased as a function of the number of object locations to be maintained and the dimensionality of the display. An analysis of the response characteristics of the individual voxels showed that a large proportion were activated only when both the variables imposed the higher level of demand. A smaller proportion were activated specifically in response to increases in task demand associated with each of the independent variables. A second experiment revealed the same effect of dimensionality in the parietal cortex when the movement of objects was signaled auditorily rather than visually, indicating that the additional representational demands induced by 3-D space are independent of input modality. The comodulation of activation in the prefrontal and parietal areas by the amount of computational demand suggests that the collaboration between areas is a basic feature underlying much of the functionality of spatial working memory. © 2000 Academic Press Dealing with dynamic spatial activity is a ubiquitous element of human behavior. Behaviors as general as navigating in a new city, to as specialized as monitoring airplanes in an air traffic control center, often require the maintenance of spatial representations of varying dimensionality, and the updating of the locations of objects as they move in that space. The underlying space may be two-dimensional, as in the case of navigating in a city in which the constraints are largely specified by relations on a two-dimensional map. Alternatively, the space may be a more demanding threedimensional one, as in the case of air traffic control, which adds the dimension of altitude. The demands imposed by keeping track of the locations of objects may also vary from tracking a single object to tracking multiple objects. Mentally updating the locations of targets, maintaining active representations of those locations and of the space, and coordinating these computations are all component processes in spatial working memory. Demands on the spatial working memory system could be imposed by each of these components and through their interplay during a task.A shared facet of several imaging studies of spatial working memory is that they have used maintenance tasks to identify cortical regions involved in memory for spatial location Courtney et al., 1996;Jonides et al., 1993;Smith et al., 1995). However, maintaining information regarding location is only one of several component processes in spatial working memory. Simple maintenance tasks may not necessarily engage the full range of capabilities of the system and consequently may not sufficiently reveal patte...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Collaborative Activity between Parietal and Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Dynamic Spatial Working Memory Revealed by fMRI

2000

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“…Sci. USA 96 (1999) anatomical and electrophysiological observations in monkeys further indicate that parietal and prefrontal structures are reciprocally connected and act in concert with secondary visual areas (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). Consistent with these earlier findings in monkeys, our results imply a network organization that allows the human prefrontal and parietal cortex to operate with extrastriate visual areas as an integrated system.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

Covariation of activity in visual and prefrontal cortex associated with subjective visual perception

Lumer

Rees

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

250

157

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Visual areas of the occipitotemporal pathway are thought to be essential for the conscious perception of objects, but the contribution of other cortical regions and the neural mechanisms leading to the awareness of a visual stimulus remain unclear. By using functional MRI in humans exposed to bistable viewing conditions, subjective visual perception was related to covariation of activity in multiple extrastriate ventral, parietal, and prefrontal cortical areas. The coordination of activity among these regions was not linked to external sensory or motor events; rather, it ref lected internal changes in perception and varied in strength with the frequency of perceptual events, suggesting that functional interactions between visual and prefrontal cortex may contribute to conscious vision. Because similar cortical systems have been implicated in short-term memory and motor planning, the results also imply that related neural processes may underlie visual awareness and the organization of voluntary behavior contingent on sensory cues.

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“…In nonhuman primates, activation of the inferior parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex was related to the memory demands of a spatial memory task and the sensory motor demands, respectively (Friedman & Goldman-Rakic, 1994). Further, in inferior parietal subareas, activation was related to accuracy of performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Functional neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in children.

Nelson¹,

Monk²,

Lin³

et al. 2000

Developmental Psychology

200

140

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine spatial working memory in 8-to 11-year-old children tested under three conditions. In the visual condition, children were asked to examine the location of a dot on a screen. In the motor condition, children were instructed to push a button that corresponded to the location of a dot presented on a screen. In the memory condition, children were asked to remember the location of a dot presented 1 or 2 trials previously. Subtracting the activation of the motor condition from the memory condition revealed activity in the dorsal aspects of the prefrontal cortex and in the posterior parietal and anterior cingulate cortex. These findings were also obtained in the analysis of the memory minus visual conditions except that motor cortex activation was also observed. These findings parallel those reported in comparable studies of adults and suggest that fMRI may be a useful means of examining function-structure relations in developmental populations.According to Baddeley (1986), working memory is the process of temporarily maintaining information in an active form so that it is available for further processing. Not surprisingly, this cognitive component may be involved in many common tasks such as planning, decision making, spatial navigation, and strategy use. In the context of development, it is likely that working memory may underlie the emergence of many abilities that are considered hallmarks of mature, higher level cognitive functions. In this article we explore the functional neuroanatomy of working memory in 8-to 11-year-old prepubescent children.In the adult, the neural substrate for working memory varies depending on what is required of the person (see Goldman-Rakic, 1996). For example, dorsal aspects of the frontal cortex (including the superior and middle frontal gyrus) may be disproportionately

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Coactivation of prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex in working memory tasks revealed by 2DG functional mapping in the rhesus monkey

Cited by 283 publications

References 74 publications

Collaborative Activity between Parietal and Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Dynamic Spatial Working Memory Revealed by fMRI

Collaborative Activity between Parietal and Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Dynamic Spatial Working Memory Revealed by fMRI

Covariation of activity in visual and prefrontal cortex associated with subjective visual perception

Functional neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in children.

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