“…According to Hernez-Broome, Boyce, and Whyman (2007), e-coaching is a bi-directional communiqué carried out between the trainer and trainee empowered through technology, specifically cyber-mediated communications (CMC). Examples include email correspondence, virtual chats and negotiated discussions (Hui, 2015). Many authors define e-coaching and mentoring as training for which key communication is online, so that the base of mentor-protégé association depends on a more diverse kind of communication than that in customary mentoring (Boyce & Hernez-Broome, 2010;Geissler, Hasenbein, Kanatouri, & Wegener, 2014;Grant & Zackon, 2004;Hamilton & Scandura, 2003;Headlam-Wells et al, 2006;Hernez-Broome, 2002;Hernez-Broome et al, 2007;Kamphorst, 2017;Petsani et al, 2019;Pulley, 2007;Ribbers & Waringa, 2015).…”