“…Such supportive interactions contribute to motivation, enthusiasm for learning, and self-confidence among students (Ayu Eka et al, 2023;Sayers et al, 2015). In contrast, conflicts and improper treatment can hinder the learning experience, leading to frustration, anxiety, and reduced confidence (Bremer & Holmberg, 2020;Omeke et al, 2023). However, effective communication with students has been shown to enhance their learning motivation (Zheng et al, 2022).…”