Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire--Brazilian Version

Psychometric properties of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) in a sample of Brazilian youth and adult athletes

“…CAR is pointed out by the literature as a key element for positive results within sports context. [8][9][10][11] Vieira et al 8 observed that the quality of the CAR was a protective factor for team cohesion among Brazilian professional football athletes. Contreira et al 11 verified that the quality of the CAR can be considered a determining factor for BPN satisfaction among young Brazilian athletes as well as sporting satisfaction.…”

“…7,22,23,30 While there is no young version of CART-Q, the scale has been used and has adequate internal consistency reliability among youth sports practitioners. [8][9][10] A sample of young and adult athletes will show whether the instrument is equivalent in all genders, ages, and sport type through invariance measurement, which is an advance of this study. In this perspective, the invariance of the CART-Q across young and adult athletes will help researchers and professionals to understand the phenomenon of CAR in sport in different life stages.…”

“…autonomy, competence, and relatedness) based on the SDT framework using structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures. Based on previous research findings, 3,10,11,31 the following hypothesis was formulated: the CART-Q subscales of closeness, commitment, and complementarity will be positively correlated with BPN.…”

“…In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the amount of research on the quality of the coach-athlete relationship (CAR), [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] which was predominantly concentrated in the UK. [1][2][3][4][5][6]12 This region stands out wide in the world for the work developed by researchers, who over the last decades have leveraged research focused on social interactions in the sports environment, with a view to build psychometric scales to assess CAR, as well as to use these scales for consultancy work and for the training of coaches across different sports and performance levels.…”

“…Research shows that effective training occurs when relational environments are fostered, containing openness to information, demonstration of positive interpersonal feelings, the establishing of clear roles, in addition to teamwork, responsive behaviors, and focus on team spirit. [8][9][10][11][12] Subsequently, a relational environment favors both athletes and coaches. In such environments, athletes and coaches are selfdetermined, have high intrinsic motivation and feel autonomous, competent, and connected resulting in greater accountability and responsibility.…”