CO2–water–basalt interaction. Numerical simulation of low temperature CO2 sequestration into basalts

Gysi, Alexander P.; Stefánsson, Andri

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.037

Cited by 107 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In the same model runs, the minerals chalcedony, kaolinite, smectites and zeolites are formed, and therefore control abundance of Si, Al and other cations leached from the solid reactant. This mineral assemblage agrees well with observed alteration mineral paragenesis in low-T (b100°C) hydrothermal fields (Flaathen et al, 2009;Markússon and Stefánsson, 2011;Gysi and Stefánsson, 2011). Calcite and pyrite are also predicted to precipitate in our high-T model runs.…”

Section: Secondary Minerals Formedsupporting

confidence: 87%

Reaction path models of magmatic gas scrubbing

et al. 2016

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Gas-water-rock reactions taking place within volcano-hosted hydrothermal systems scrub reactive, water-soluble species (sulfur, halogens) from the magmatic gas phase, and as such play a major control on the composition of surface gas manifestations. A number of quantitative models of magmatic gas scrubbing have been proposed in the past, but no systematic comparison of model results with observations from natural systems has been carried out, to date. Here, we present the results of novel numerical simulations, in which we initialized models of hydrothermal gaswater-rock at conditions relevant to Icelandic volcanism. We focus on Iceland as an example of a "wet" volcanic region where scrubbing is widespread. Our simulations were performed (using the EQ3/6 software package) at shallow (temperature b 106°C; low-T model runs) and deep hydrothermal reservoir (200-250°C; high-T model runs) conditions. During the simulations, a high-temperature magmatic gas phase was added stepwise to an initial meteoric water, in the presence of a dissolving aquifer rock. At each step, the chemical compositions of coexisting aqueous solution and gas phase were returned by the model. The model-derived aqueous solutions have compositions that describe the maturation path of hydrothermal fluids, from immature, acidic Mg-rich waters, toward Na-Cl-rich mature hydrothermal brines. The modeled compositions are in fair agreement with measured compositions of natural thermal waters and reservoir fluids from Iceland. We additionally show that the composition of the modelgenerated gases is strongly temperature-dependent, and ranges from CO 2(g) -dominated (for temperatures ≤80°C) to H 2 O (g) -dominated (and more H 2 S (g) rich) for temperatures N 100°C. We find that this range of model gas compositions reproduces well the (H 2 O-CO 2 -S TOT ) compositional range of reservoir waters and surface gas emissions in Iceland. From this validation of the model in an extreme end-member environment of high scrubbing, we conclude that EQ3/6-based reaction path simulations offer a realistic representation of gas-water-rock interaction processes occurring underneath active magmatic-hydrothermal systems.

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Section: Secondary Minerals Formedsupporting

confidence: 87%

Reaction path models of magmatic gas scrubbing

et al. 2016

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“…To a wider extent, numerous modeling studies of the mineralogical evolution of basaltic systems have been done (Griffith and Shock 1997;Franzson et al 2008;Navarre-Sitchler et al 2011;Gysi and Stefansson 2011;Pham et al 2011;Aradottir et al 2012;Aradottir et al 2013;Catalano 2013;Hellevang et al 2013), but none of those reported the porosity evolution during reactive transport and water-rock interaction. The evolution of porosity has potentially important implications for basalt alteration.…”

Section: The Need For Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glass composition is given by Gysi and Stefansson (2011), see Table 3. In order to simplify the system, minor elements K, Mn, Ti, P, and Zr were not considered.…”

Section: Geochemical Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This specific feature makes determination of the glass "solubility" senseless; conversely, the glass alteration kinetics cannot rigorously be modeled using a classical kinetic equation involving solubility constants or saturation indices. Therefore, many authors replaced the glass solubility by the gel solubility (Techer et al 2001;Gysi and Stefansson 2011). But the stoichiometry and the solubility of the gel are difficult to estimate, and the problem can be simplified by considering amorphous silica or aluminum hydroxide (e.g., Bourcier et al 1990).…”

Section: Kinetic Model For Basaltic Glass Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential alteration of basaltic lava flows and hyaloclastites in Icelandic hydrothermal systems

2015

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Geological field observations evidence that active and fossil Icelandic hydrothermal systems are typically embedded into an intercalation of almost completely altered and nearly unaltered volcanic rock layers. We investigated the reasons for this finding with help of geochemical reaction path calculations, by studying the mineralogical evolution of contrasting lithofacies-basalt flows and hyaloclastites at various temperatures and pressures, different recharge water composition, and gas content. From this study, we conclude that the initial porosity of protoliths and volume changes due to their transformation into secondary minerals are sufficient to explain the different extents of alteration as observed in field studies. In addition, we present a generalized kinetic model to estimate the alteration time of glassy fragments in hyaloclastite as a function of grain size, surface roughness, and temperature. This time was found to be rather short, ranging from a few hours to a few years.

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“…Key factors influencing water-rock interaction include temperature, pH, pressure, catalysis, and rock characteristics (Gérard et al 2002;Oelkers et al 2008;Gysi and Stefánsson 2011;Pachana et al 2012). Gérard et al (2002) investigated the relationships between Si concentration, soil temperature, and H ?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of pH and CO2 on the formation of Metasilicate mineral water in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

Yan

Liang

Shili³

2015

Appl Water Sci

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Mineral dissolution reactions actively participate in controlling the composition of mineral water. In this study, water soluble, acidic-alkaline and carbonated solution experiments were designed, and mineral reaction mechanisms were researched using chemical kinetics and the minimum free-energy method. The results showed that the release of metasilicate was controlled by pH, CO 2 , and rock characteristics. In the water soluble experiment, the release process of metasilicate in powdered rocks reached equilibrium after 40 days, while metasilicate in solid rocks took 170 days. The release process of metasilicate in solid rocks satisfied an asymptotic model, while in powdered rocks it accorded with the Stanford reaction kinetic model. In the acidic-alkaline experiment, metasilicate was released earlier under acidic conditions (2.46 \ pH \ 7) than under alkaline conditions (7 \ pH \ 10.61). The release process of metasilicate under acidic conditions reached equilibrium in 40 days, compared with 60 days for alkaline conditions. The addition of CO 2 to the water solution was beneficial to the formation of metasilicate. Under neutral pH conditions, the reaction barely occurred. Under alkaline conditions, metasilicate was produced by the hydrolysis of metasilicate minerals. Under acidic and additional CO 2 conditions, metasilicate formation was mainly via the reaction of H ? , CO 2 , and metasilicate minerals. From these results, we concluded that the metasilicate mineral water from the Changbai Mountains, Jingyu County, is generated by a combination of the hydrolysis of metasilicate minerals and the reaction of H ? , CO 2 , and metasilicate minerals. These results can contribute to a better development and protection of the mineral water resources in the Changbai Mountains.

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CO2–water–basalt interaction. Numerical simulation of low temperature CO2 sequestration into basalts

Cited by 107 publications

References 85 publications

Reaction path models of magmatic gas scrubbing

Reaction path models of magmatic gas scrubbing

Differential alteration of basaltic lava flows and hyaloclastites in Icelandic hydrothermal systems

Influences of pH and CO2 on the formation of Metasilicate mineral water in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

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