CO2 storage associated with CO2 enhanced oil recovery: A statistical analysis of historical operations

Abstract

This work analyzes a database of 31 existing CO 2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects that was compiled for the estimation of oil reserves to better understand the CO 2 retention, incremental oil recovery, and net CO 2 utilization for these oil fields. The measured data begin at the start date of the CO 2 flood and extend through the year 2007. Cumulative CO 2 retention (in the formation), incremental oil recovery factors, and net CO 2 utilization factors were calculated for each of the sites. To express all site data on a common dimensionless scale, the data were extrapolated to 300% cumulative hydrocarbon pore volume (HCPV) by fitting nonlinear functions. Summary statistics were then calculated from 0% to 300% HCPV. Across all 31 sites, the 10th, 50th (median), and 90th percentile values for the three factors at 300% HCPV were:

Assessment of CO2‐enhanced oil recovery and associated geologic storage potential in the Michigan Northern Pinnacle Reef Trend

“…The median incremental oil recovery factor was also found to be 12% OOIP. These values are comparable to the incremental recovery values for 31 reefs computed by Azzolina et al ., wherein the median incremental recovery was found to be 13.5% OOIP with a low of 4.8% and a high of 26.1%. The incremental oil production computed for the 383 reefs also amount to 32% of the total primary production from these reefs.…”

“…16 Following the practice of ARI, 10 the metrics are calculated at a time that corresponds to 1.5 hydrocarbon pore volumes (HCPV) of CO 2 injection. When the data do not extend to 1.5 HCPV, either a simple trend is assumed to be valid for the performance metrics, or the functional forms suggested by Azzolina et al 17 are applied to these as the basis for extrapolation. This yields the following master table (Table 3) that is used in subsequent calculations.…”

Life Cycle CO2 Emission Estimation of CCS-EOR System Using Different CO2 Sources

“…Azzolina et al (2015) analyzed a database of 31 existing CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects that was compiled for estimating oil reserves to better understand CO 2 retention, incremental oil recovery, and net CO 2 utilization for these oil fields. Cumulative CO 2 retention (in the formation), incremental oil recovery factors, and net CO 2 utilization factors were calculated for each of the sites [18]. Laurenzi et al (2016) conducted a life cycle assessment of Bakken crude using data from operations throughout the supply chain, including drilling and completion, refining, and use of refined products, and assessed the life cycle freshwater consumptions of Bakken-derived gasoline and diesel to be 1.14 and 1.22 barrel/barrel, respectively, 13% of which is associated with hydraulic fracturing [19].…”

Storage of CO2 in depleted/producing oil reservoirs

“…They analyze the data and propose a set of experimental equations that statistically describe the output performance parameters of EOR projects as a function of the input design parameters [25].…”