CO2 sequestration through aqueous accelerated carbonation of BOF slag: A factorial study of parameters effects

Polettini, Alessandra; Pomi, Raffaella; Stramazzo, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.042

Cited by 91 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…also revealed that, while more severe carbonation conditions generally resulted in increased carbonation performances, the investigated factors exerted non‐linear, non‐monotonic, and mutually interactive effects on the process yield. For a detailed discussion of the main effects/interactions of factors on the carbonation yield and the mechanisms acting during the carbonation process at the different operating conditions, the reader is referred to a previous paper . For the purpose of the present work, it is worth emphasizing that the existence of the above‐mentioned non‐linear terms and the presence of mutual interactions between the process variables generated a response surface for CO 2 uptake with a maximum region located at P = 5.9 bar, C = 60.6% CO 2 , and T = 83.7°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The physical and chemical characterization of the slag was conducted through the analytical determination of grain size distribution, elemental composition, inorganic carbon (IC) content, and mineralogical characteristics using the methods described in a previous paper …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the end of the carbonation runs the slurries were centrifuged at 4000 rpm, and the solid material was separated through 0.45 μm membrane filtration, oven‐dried at 105°C and analyzed for its carbonate content as described by Polettini et al …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main reason why accelerated carbonation has not been applied so far as a full‐scale CCS strategy is related to the fact that the process performance and the associated energy penalties still require further optimization with a view to attaining economic sustainability . In this regard, the performance of accelerated carbonation requires careful optimization in order to reduce the overall energy requirement, which in turn can be achieved by accelerating the process kinetics and increasing the conversion efficiency of the original minerals into carbonate forms …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energetic assessment of CO₂ sequestration through slurry carbonation of steel slag: a factorial study

et al. 2016

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An assessment of the energetic requirements of slurry‐phase accelerated carbonation for CO2 sequestration using steelmaking slag was conducted. The results of dedicated lab‐scale carbonation experiments in which the CO2 sequestration yield of basic oxygen furnace slag was investigated at different operating conditions were used for the energy requirement calculations. The operating variables of the process and the associated values adopted were total gas pressure, temperature, and CO2 concentration in the gas phase. The energy duties of the slurry‐phase carbonation layout were calculated for the different unit operations, which included slag milling, mixing, slurry pumping, heating, CO2 compression, solid/liquid separation, and CO2 capture (when required). The estimated energy requirements were found to lie in the range 980−6300 MJ t−1 CO2 sequestered, where the lower end of the range was associated with the use of diluted CO2. In all cases, the use of a concentrated CO2 flow proved largely energetically unfavorable over the use of diluted gas streams, since the energy duty of the required CO2 capture stage by far overcame the benefits associated with improved sequestration yields at increased CO2 concentrations in the gas phase. The calculated energy requirements were also processed to derive a second‐order model accounting for the main effects and interactions between the operating variables of the carbonation process. The model developed is meant to predict the expected energy demand of the carbonation process under different operating conditions and to define the optimal combination of these in terms of the energetic profile of the process itself. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energetic assessment of CO₂ sequestration through slurry carbonation of steel slag: a factorial study

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“…The tests were carried out at temperatures ranging from 25 to 53 °C, at atmospheric pressure and for a reaction time of 30 min, heating the reactor with an electric resistance when needed. The experiments were performed with a gas mixture made up by 40% CO 2 and 60% N 2 to simulate syngas from coal gasification after the water gas shift or biogas from anaerobic digestion treatments in order to test direct CO 2 storage/utilization , avoiding the energy‐intensive CO 2 capture pre‐treatment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonation of BOF Slag in a Rotary Kiln Reactor in View of the Scale‐Up of the Wet Route Process

Librandi

Costa

Stendardo

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Carbonation of alkaline residues represents a potentially interesting technique for permanently storing in solid form CO2 contained in flue gas, syngas or biogas, as well as for the valorization of the residues. In particular, the wet carbonation route requires a low amount of water, does not generate wastewater and can be exploited to produce aggregates. The efficacy of this route has been demonstrated at laboratory scale. In view of its scale‐up, this study was aimed at evaluating the performance of a wet‐route carbonation process applied to Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steel slag employing an operating procedure that could be adopted also at demonstrative or full scale. Dry residues were directly fed by a loading hopper into a rotary kiln reactor, in which gas containing 40% CO2 and steam were flown through. During the experiments, the flow and composition of the gas phase were continuously monitored, allowing to calculate the amount of CO2 captured from the gas phase and to compare it with the CO2 uptake of the solid product. In addition, the leaching behavior of the treated slag was assessed. The results of the tests were close to those obtained in previous experiments performed with pre‐humidified BOF slag, both with the same reactor used in this study and at laboratory scale; this suggests that this more automated wet‐route process could be employed for demonstration or full scale tests. The set up still needs to be optimized to obtain a product with physical and technical properties suitable for use as aggregate. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13140, 2019

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Interrogation of Ecotoxic Elements Distribution in Slag and Precipitated Calcite through a Machine Learning‐Based Approach Aided by Mass Spectrometry

Khudhur,

Divers,

Wildman

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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CO2 mineralization in slag has been widely investigated as a potential solution for offsetting steelmaking industry emissions. However, it can be associated with ecotoxic elements release (e.g., V and Cr). The presence of such elements in heterogenous slag at the micro‐scale remains difficult for analysis since microstructural features can be missed during microscopy data inspection, thereby presenting a challenge in understanding how ecotoxic elements exist in slag. Here, an unsupervised machine learning‐based technique is used to analyze slag's microstructural features. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) data are analyzed through Hierarchical Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) method. Results show that passive CO2 mineralization has occurred in situ in the studied samples, on the surface, and within their pores. Additionally, V and Cr regions with equivalent diameters < 42 µm can exist within slag, potentially making such elements prone to mobilization due to slag pulverization. Interrogation of the samples with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA‐ICP‐MS) confirms the distribution of the elements obtained from the clustering algorithm and further demonstrates that up to 84 and 9 ppm of V and Cr are incorporated in the precipitated calcite, respectively. This implies that ecotoxic elements may be immobilized through calcite precipitation.

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CO2 sequestration through aqueous accelerated carbonation of BOF slag: A factorial study of parameters effects

Cited by 91 publications

References 66 publications

Energetic assessment of CO₂ sequestration through slurry carbonation of steel slag: a factorial study

Energetic assessment of CO₂ sequestration through slurry carbonation of steel slag: a factorial study

Carbonation of BOF Slag in a Rotary Kiln Reactor in View of the Scale‐Up of the Wet Route Process

Interrogation of Ecotoxic Elements Distribution in Slag and Precipitated Calcite through a Machine Learning‐Based Approach Aided by Mass Spectrometry

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CO2 sequestration through aqueous accelerated carbonation of BOF slag: A factorial study of parameters effects

Cited by 91 publications

References 66 publications

Energetic assessment of CO2 sequestration through slurry carbonation of steel slag: a factorial study

Energetic assessment of CO2 sequestration through slurry carbonation of steel slag: a factorial study

Carbonation of BOF Slag in a Rotary Kiln Reactor in View of the Scale‐Up of the Wet Route Process

Interrogation of Ecotoxic Elements Distribution in Slag and Precipitated Calcite through a Machine Learning‐Based Approach Aided by Mass Spectrometry

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Energetic assessment of CO₂ sequestration through slurry carbonation of steel slag: a factorial study

Energetic assessment of CO₂ sequestration through slurry carbonation of steel slag: a factorial study