Abstract:Azolla
is a group of aquatic floating plants that can achieve very high growth rates compared to other aquatic macrophytes, with a doubling time of 2–5 days under optimal growing conditions. The ability of
Azolla
to grow at such rapid rates allows for the opportunity of utilizing it as a method to sequester a significant amount of atmospheric CO
2
in the form of biomass, which can be locked away to completely remove the carbon from the active carbon cycl… Show more
“…The percentage of OC content of A. pinnata ranged from 41 to 44% of dry weight. The OC content results of A. pinnata (41 – 44%) obtained from the present study are supported by several other studies, such as - Hamdan and Houri [ 22 ] found average of 42% as well as Bocchi and Malgioglio [ 20 ], Cheng et al [ 40 ] and Speelman et al [ 41 ] reported 39 to 44% OC content of Azolla irrespective of species. Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The CO 2 sequestration rates of the present study were 154 to 164% and 150 to 157% of the dry weight of A. pinnata in the CD and CU experiments, respectively. According to Hamdan and Houri [ 22 ], 21,266 kg of C/year/ha (equivalent to 21,266 kg × 3.6663 = 77,967 kg CO 2 ) are sequestered by 50,633 kg of Azolla (dry weight), which is equivalent to 154% of the dry weight of Azolla. The CO 2 sequestration rates, as theoretically reported by Hamdan and Houri [ 22 ] strongly support the CO 2 sequestration results of the present study.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to Hamdan and Houri [ 22 ], 21,266 kg of C/year/ha (equivalent to 21,266 kg × 3.6663 = 77,967 kg CO 2 ) are sequestered by 50,633 kg of Azolla (dry weight), which is equivalent to 154% of the dry weight of Azolla. The CO 2 sequestration rates, as theoretically reported by Hamdan and Houri [ 22 ] strongly support the CO 2 sequestration results of the present study. From the viewpoint of its high CO 2 sequestration properties, therefore, A. pinnata could be employed as a potential CO 2 sequester (an ecofriendly tool) to uptake an elevated rate of CO 2 from the atmosphere.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Azolla can grow well in a nitrogen-limited environment due to its atmospheric nitrogen fixation ability through the symbiotic association with blue-green alga ( Anabaena azollae ) [ 20 , 21 ]. Besides, Azolla has higher carbon fixation rates than those of other plants due to having its rapid biomass growth characteristics [ 22 ]. The growth of Azolla is significantly influenced by different environmental factors; temperature, pH, relative humidity, light intensity, nutrient concentration in water, etc.).…”
“…The percentage of OC content of A. pinnata ranged from 41 to 44% of dry weight. The OC content results of A. pinnata (41 – 44%) obtained from the present study are supported by several other studies, such as - Hamdan and Houri [ 22 ] found average of 42% as well as Bocchi and Malgioglio [ 20 ], Cheng et al [ 40 ] and Speelman et al [ 41 ] reported 39 to 44% OC content of Azolla irrespective of species. Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The CO 2 sequestration rates of the present study were 154 to 164% and 150 to 157% of the dry weight of A. pinnata in the CD and CU experiments, respectively. According to Hamdan and Houri [ 22 ], 21,266 kg of C/year/ha (equivalent to 21,266 kg × 3.6663 = 77,967 kg CO 2 ) are sequestered by 50,633 kg of Azolla (dry weight), which is equivalent to 154% of the dry weight of Azolla. The CO 2 sequestration rates, as theoretically reported by Hamdan and Houri [ 22 ] strongly support the CO 2 sequestration results of the present study.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to Hamdan and Houri [ 22 ], 21,266 kg of C/year/ha (equivalent to 21,266 kg × 3.6663 = 77,967 kg CO 2 ) are sequestered by 50,633 kg of Azolla (dry weight), which is equivalent to 154% of the dry weight of Azolla. The CO 2 sequestration rates, as theoretically reported by Hamdan and Houri [ 22 ] strongly support the CO 2 sequestration results of the present study. From the viewpoint of its high CO 2 sequestration properties, therefore, A. pinnata could be employed as a potential CO 2 sequester (an ecofriendly tool) to uptake an elevated rate of CO 2 from the atmosphere.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Azolla can grow well in a nitrogen-limited environment due to its atmospheric nitrogen fixation ability through the symbiotic association with blue-green alga ( Anabaena azollae ) [ 20 , 21 ]. Besides, Azolla has higher carbon fixation rates than those of other plants due to having its rapid biomass growth characteristics [ 22 ]. The growth of Azolla is significantly influenced by different environmental factors; temperature, pH, relative humidity, light intensity, nutrient concentration in water, etc.).…”
“…Nitrogenization in the symbionts evolves hydrogen rather than nitrogen fixation when Azolla anabaena is grown in a nitrogen-free environment and/or a nitrate-rich aquatic medium (Hamdan et al, 2021).…”
The Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis is distinguished by its high productivity and ability to fix nitrogen at high rates. As a result, numerous studies on this association have been conducted over the last few decades, with insufficient synthesis and coordination. As a result, this paper attempts to review and summarise previous and recent findings on the biology and applications of azolla in the hope of facilitating increased future collaborative research on this green gold mine. Azolla is a plant in the Azolla genus. Azolla derived from water can be used as human food, animal feed, green manure, organic fertiliser and to increase soil fertility, as well as for biological wastewater remediation and salt soil reclamation. Because of its high nutritional quality and protein content, azolla is suitable for human consumption as well as as a feed additive for a variety of animals such as fish, ducks, cattle, poultry and others to reduce feed costs. It is also used in the production of biogas and hydrogen, as well as as astronaut food in space. This review provides an overview of Azolla’s benefits as well as new developments in its various fields of application.
Azolla caroliniana Willd. is an understudied wild edible plant native to the Eastern United States. Other species of Azolla have been used across the world for several thousand years as a livestock feed and as “green manure.” The use of Azolla for human consumption is thought to be limited by its high total polyphenolic content (TPC). However, the TPC and nutritional content of A. caroliniana has not been thoroughly studied. We measured TPC and other nutrients before and after cooking methods designed to lower TPC. We found that TPC was 4.26 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) kg−1 DW in raw A. caroliniana. All cooking methods significantly lowered TPC. Protein content was 19% DW, and the apparent protein digestibility was 78.45%. Our yield was 173 g FW m−2 day−1 and 5.53 g DW m−2 day−1. Azolla caroliniana is a high‐yielding plant with great potential for cultivation and domestication.
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