CO2 Reduction Potential of Water Saving in Vietnam

Improving water and energy efficiency in buildings is one of the best ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study examines various energy-related carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) reduction measures, including the use of water efficient showerheads and shower drain water heat recovery, in order to distinguish the significance of user influence on the water usage of a shower. The probability of taking a hot shower and the number of showers taken by an occupant per day, which can be evaluated from open literature data, are used as the parameters of user responses to water conservation measures in this study. A Monte Carlo model of water consumption and CO 2 reduction for showering is adopted to determine the contributions of user responses. The results demonstrate that the influence of users on CO 2 reduction is significant and compatible to the influence of water efficient showerheads. This study can be used as a reference to enhance water and energy incentives and to facilitate continuous improvement in building water systems.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Reduction Targets of Hot Water Showers for People in Hong Kong

Wong

Mui

Zhou

2017

“…The evaluation targets were toilets and showers. Water usage models and the evaluation coefficient were mentioned in a previous paper [7]. The toilet usage model used in the evaluation was 2.1 full flushes/person/day, and 4.8 half flushes/person/day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors have shown that the creation of a water-saving society is one viable solution for sustainable development by using Japan and Vietnam as an example [5][6][7]. The results show that the spread of water-saving equipment could reduce CO2 emissions in Japan by 1% in 2020 (compared to CO2 emissions in 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors also reported that the rapid expansion of cities has exceeded the supply capacity of water in Vietnam, and to prevent restrictions on water supplies, detached houses have elevated storage tanks installed [7]. The power consumption for storing water in elevated tanks accounts for 3% of the total power consumption in Vietnamese houses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of Water Saving to a Stable Power Supply in Vietnam

Otani

Toyosada

Shimizu

2015

Self Cite

Abstract:In Vietnam, the rapid expansion of cities is exceeding the supply capacity for water and electricity, and restrictions on water supply and blackouts occur on a daily basis. In this study, the authors examined whether water-saving equipment could solve these problems. This paper focused on toilet bowls that consumed a large amount of water, and on showers for which heat consumption was high. In Vietnam, the main heat source for showers is the electric water heater, typically having a power consumption of 2500-4500 W. Although the current diffusion rate of such water heaters is just 13%, their use will spread widely in the future. These heaters have already placed a peak load on electricity consumption in winter when a large amount of energy is consumed for heating water, and they will become a significant factor in blackout risks as their use becomes commonplace nationwide. It is clear that the introduction of water-saving showers will allow not only a more efficient use of water resources, but will also mitigate against the risk of blackouts.

“…Amongst the various environmental issues, water conservation is one of the most critical global problems and one which is only increasing in importance with continuing population growth and the effects of global warming [4]. Taiwan is located in the Asian monsoon area and has an abundant supply of rainwater, with annual precipitation averaging around 2500 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Water Efficiency in Green Building in Taiwan

Cheng

Peng

Ho³

et al. 2016

Low carbon policies, including those aimed at increasing water efficiency, have been adopted as a crucial strategy for combating global warming and climate change. The green building evaluation system used in Taiwan was first applied in 1999 and initially utilized a building's water efficiency as the threshold index for determining the building's environmental impact. Since 1999, more than a thousand buildings have been certified as green buildings using this evaluation system. The quantitative effects of water conservation efforts should be provided to policy makers as a form of positive feedback. To that end, the present study offers a calculation process for estimating the quantitative volume of water saved by practical green buildings. The baseline water usage for all kinds of buildings was determined to serve as the criterion for determining the water-saving efficiency of individual buildings. An investigation of the average water-saving rate from 2000 to 2013 for 1320 buildings certified as green buildings was also conducted to validate the estimation results and found that these green buildings saved an average of approximately 37.6% compared to the baseline water usage rate for all buildings. Water savings will inevitably follow from the use of water-saving appliances or water-saving designs for buildings. The proposed calculation process can be used to clarify the relationships between specific water-saving concepts and the real water usage efficiency of green buildings.