CO2 nano-foaming of nanostructured PMMA

Forest, Charlene L.; Chaumont, Philippe; Cassagnau, Philippe; Swoboda, B.; Sonntag, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.048

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The pressure drop rates in these experiments were 15 MPa/s, 56 MPa/s and 100 MPa/s, respectively. For this study, foaming has been [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] carried out at 80°C during 2 min. Secondly the effect of the foaming temperature has been analysed by fixing the saturation pressure to 10 MPa, varying the foaming temperature from 80°C to 110°C, keeping, once again, 2 min as foaming time.…”

Section: Gas Dissolution Foaming Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, rheological properties are important in the analysis of the influence of the polymer viscosity into the nucleation and growing processes [19,44]. For these reasons, dynamic shear properties of all the nanocomposites were measured using a stress controlled rheometer, AR 2000 EX from TA Instruments.…”

Section: Dynamic Shear Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This trend is a consequence of the plasticization effect of the CO 2 : when the gas diffuses into a polymer, the glass transition temperature drops [49][50][51][52], and the polymer is now characterized by its effective glass transition temperature, T g,eff . The temperature difference between the foaming temperature and the T g,eff determines the relative [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] density obtained, because once the T g,eff reaches the temperature of the thermal bath the polymer is no longer in the rubbery state and has no mobility to grow. At a higher pressure, the T g,eff of the polymer is smaller because of the plasticization effect of a higher amount of CO 2 .…”

Section: Cellular Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the addition of this second phase heterogeneous nucleation starts to play an important role during the process [16]. Taking advantage of heterogeneous nucleation, nanocellular polymers can be produced by using low saturation pressures and conventional saturation temperatures, as nucleation is mainly controlled by the disperse phase (nanoparticles [17,18] and/or secondary phases in nanostructured polymers [8,[19][20][21]) and not by the amount of gas dissolved into the sample. Besides, the use of a second phase to promote nucleation can help to obtain a more uniform cell size distribution [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

Bernardo

León

Laguna‐Gutiérrez

et al. 2017

European Polymer Journal

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A B S T R A C TIn this work, a new system based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sepiolite nanocomposites that allow producing nanocellular polymers by using the gas dissolution foaming technique is described. Nanocomposites with different nanoparticle types and contents have been produced by extrusion. From these blends, cellular materials have been fabricated using the so-called gas dissolution foaming method. An extensive study of the effect of the processing parameters (saturation pressure and foaming temperature) on the cellular materials produced has been performed. Results showed that among the three sepiolites used, only those modified with a quaternary ammonium salt are suitable for being used as nucleating agents in PMMA. With these nanoparticles bimodal cellular polymers, with micro and nanometric cells, have been produced. Cell sizes in the range of 300-500 nm and cell densities of the order of 10 13 -10 14 nuclei/cm 3 have been obtained in the nanocellular region. A foaming temperature of 80°C and a wide range of saturation pressures (between 10 and 30 MPa) and low particle contents (between 0.5 and 1.5 wt%) allow obtaining these materials. Furthermore, it has been found that cell size in the nanometric population can be controlled by means of the particles content; a reduction in the cell size is obtained when the particles content increases. Finally, results indicate that an increase in the foaming temperature leads to cellular nanocomposites with lower relative densities (below 0.21) and larger cell sizes (above 450 nm).

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Section: Gas Dissolution Foaming Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dynamic Shear Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cellular Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

Bernardo

León

Laguna‐Gutiérrez

et al. 2017

European Polymer Journal

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“…Nanoporous polyetherimide (PEI) foams have shown increased strain to failure and tensile toughness compared to microporous PEI foams [6]; whereas nanoporous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) foams have shown higher modulus of elasticity, higher impact strength, and improved hardness with respect to microporous PMMA foams [7]. Furthermore, these materials have shown increased thermal insulation performances due to Knudsen effect [3,8,9]. This effect happens when the pore size values become comparable to the mean free path of the air molecules (about 70 nm under standard conditions), decreasing significantly the air thermal conductivity inside the pores [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous PMMA foams with templated pore size obtained by localized in situ synthesis of nanoparticles and CO2 foaming

Pinto

Morselli

Bernardo

et al. 2017

Polymer

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a b s t r a c tPolymer foams with controlled and templated pore size have been obtained for the first time by CO 2 gas dissolution foaming from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. This kind of materials, with a variable porous structure, mimic some high-performance natural materials and could present significant interest in many applications. However, up to now their controlled fabrication has not been successfully achieved. Herein, we present a method to achieve a fine control in the production of such materials. Thermal in situ synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from Zn(OAc) 2 was proposed to obtain PMMA nanocomposites, in which the ZnO nanoparticles induce heterogeneous nucleation that leads to formation of pores with size below the micron, upon CO 2 foaming. Starting from templated solid PMMA samples with well-differentiated regions, presenting or not ZnO nanoparticles, it was possible to obtain PMMA-based foams with well-defined areas of different pore sizes.

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Polymeric Foams

Ruiz‐Herrero

Estravís

Rodríguez‐Pérez

2017

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Polymeric foams are natural‐like light materials that are widely used owing to a combination of exceptional properties and low cost compared with similar materials. Furthermore, tailoring the physical properties of these foams, and the environmental benefits of replacing solid plastics, are important factors contributing to their growing market share. This article covers the fundamental aspects of structure, properties, production, and applications of polymeric foams. Current trends in material development and related challenges are also discussed.

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CO2 nano-foaming of nanostructured PMMA

Cited by 51 publications

References 59 publications

PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

Nanoporous PMMA foams with templated pore size obtained by localized in situ synthesis of nanoparticles and CO2 foaming

Polymeric Foams

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