CO2 maritime transportation

Abstract

The objective of this study is to describe the complete transport chain of CO2 between capture and storage including a ship transport. This last one is composed by the following steps: Shore terminal including the liquefaction, temporary storage and CO2 loading, Ship with a capacity of 30,000 m 3 , On or off shore terminal including an unloading system, temporary storage and export towards the final storage. Between all the possible thermodynamic states, the liquid one is most relevant two options are compared in the study (-50°C, 7 bar) and (-30°C, 15 bar). The ship has an autonomy of 6 days, is able to cover 1,000 km with a cargo of 2.5 Mt/year. Several scenarios are studied varying the geographical position of the CO2 source, the number of harbours and the way the CO2 is finally stored. Depending on the option, the transport cost varies from 24 to 32 €/tCO2. This study confirms the conclusion of a previous study supported by ADEME, the cost transport is not negligible regarding the capture one when ships are considered. Transport by ship becomes a more economical option compared with an off shore pipeline when the distance exceeds 350 km and with an onshore pipeline when it exceeds 1,100 km .

The Future of Low-Carbon Electricity

“…There has been growing interest in CO 2 transport by ship, particularly from Japan and countries around the North Sea, and several studies have examined large CO 2 carrier designs in detail (77,78).…”

Costs benchmark of CO2 transport technologies for a group of various size industries

“…These options lead to different fleets, cryogenic buffer storage capacities (in both harbours), investments and operating costs. For these three technical options, the average ship speed was set to 16.5 knots (Decarre et al, 2010) and the operating cycles include: mooring in Le Havre, loading, journey to Rotterdam, mooring in Rotterdam, unloading and return to Le Havre. It is assumed that the ships operate during the whole year and that maintenance is performed during off-peak periods.…”

CO2 Pipeline Design: A Review

“…CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) seeks to capture CO 2 from large emission sources and safely store it in underground reservoirs or use it for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) operations [5]. CCS is a relatively advanced technology seeking to capture anthropogenic CO 2 and reduce emissions to attain less than 2 • C increase (as proposed in the Paris agreement) of pre-industrial Earth temperatures [6,7].…”