CO2 flagging - an improved method for the collection of questing ticks

Gherman, Călin Mircea; Mihalca, Andrei Daniel; Dumitrache, Mirabela Oana; Györke, Adriana; Oroian, Ioan; Şandor, Mignon; Cozma, Vasile

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-125

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In Experiment 1, I. ricinus nymphs were found to respond to elevated CO 2 concentrations in the surrounding air. This is in line with the results of Gherman et al (), who showed that adding CO 2 to a blanket to a concentration of 0.08% increased capture efficiency of I. ricinus , and Gray (), who showed that a trap baited with CO 2 caught I. ricinus larvae, nymphs and adults. Increased capture efficiency of I. ricinus is not necessarily the result of the attraction of ticks to the trap, but may also reflect increased activity of ticks induced by the CO 2 .…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Behavioural responses of Ixodes ricinus nymphs to carbon dioxide and rodent odour

Duijvendijk

Gort

Sprong

et al. 2016

Medical Vet Entomology

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Many haematophagous ectoparasites use carbon dioxide (CO ) and host odour to detect and locate their hosts. The tick Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) walks only small distances and quests in vegetation until it encounters a host. The differential effects of CO and host odour on the host-finding behaviour of I. ricinus have, however, never been clarified and hence represent the subject of this study. The effects of CO and odour from bank voles on the activation and attraction of I. ricinus nymphs were analysed in a Y-tube olfactometer. Carbon dioxide evoked a response in the absence and presence of host odour, but did not attract nymphs. Host odour, however, did not evoke a response but did attract nymphs in the absence and presence of CO . The current results show that CO is an activator, but not an attractant, and that host odour is an attractant, but not an activator, of I. ricinus nymphs, and provide ecological insights into the host-finding behaviour of I. ricinus.

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supporting

confidence: 90%

Behavioural responses of Ixodes ricinus nymphs to carbon dioxide and rodent odour

Duijvendijk

Gort

Sprong

et al. 2016

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…Given that studies conducted in other states have demonstrated the presence of the POWV in the immature (nymph) stage of I. scapularis ticks (Anderson & Armstrong, ; Dupois et al., ; Mueller, ), the possibility that the sampling approach of our study may have resulted in an underestimation of the POWV/DTV tick infection rate should be considered. Future research should attempt to recover both adult and nymph I. scapularis ticks by methods such as seasonally appropriate tick drag sampling (Daniels, Falco, & Fish, ; Gherman et al., ; Ginsberg & Ewing, ; Schulze, Jordan, & Hung, ). Although infected ticks can be found all year‐round, tick recovery should also be considered when tick activity is greatest, March to mid‐May and from mid‐August to November (Brei et al., ; Gatewood et al., ; Ogden et al., ; Stafford, Cartter, Magnarelli, Ertel, & Mshar, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Powassan/deer tick virus in adult black‐legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) recovered from hunter‐harvested white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Pennsylvania: A public health perspective

Campagnolo

Tewari

Farone

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Studies reporting tick infection rates for Powassan virus (POWV), an emerging zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogen responsible for POWV disease in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, are limited. To determine the presence and ascertain a statewide prevalence of POWV, ticks were collected from 9,912 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) heads presented to six regional Pennsylvania Game Commission Chronic Wasting Disease sampling stations in early December of 2013, 2014 and 2015. Of the 2,973 ticks recovered, 1,990 (66.9%) were identified as adult Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick). The 1,990 I. scapularis ticks were PCR-tested for the presence of POWV. The ticks had a statewide Powassan/deer tick virus infection rate of 0.05%, providing evidence of this pathogen in Pennsylvania's adult I. scapularis ticks and supporting the need for more comprehensive pathogen prevalence assessment strategies, as well as increased public health awareness for this emerging zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogen of public health concern.

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“…Sensilla cell responses to carbon dioxide have been recorded in A. americanum , A. maculatum , D. variabilis [110], and A. variegatum ticks [39]. Lab and field bioassays have also demonstrated the attractive quality of carbon dioxide to A. americanum [36], A. hebraeum [111], A. triguttatum [112], A. variegatum [109], D. andersoni [113], D. variabilis [36], I. dammini [113], I. ricinus [114], I. scapularis [115], R. microplus [28], and R. sanguineus [116]. Attractive behavioral responses to acetone and ammonia dissolved in water have been recorded for A. americanum [36] and to acetone alone in A. hebraeum [109].…”

Section: Chemistry Of Host Kairomonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acarine attractants: Chemoreception, bioassay, chemistry and control

Carr

Roe

2016

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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The Acari are of significant economic importance in crop production and human and animal health. Acaricides are essential for the control of these pests, but at the same time, the number of available pesticides is limited, especially for applications in animal production. The Acari consist of two major groups, the mites that demonstrate a wide variety of life strategies, i.e., herbivory, predation and ectoparasitism, and ticks which have evolved obligatory hematophagy. The major sites of chemoreception in the acarines are the chelicerae, palps and tarsi on the forelegs. A unifying name, the “foretarsal sensory organ” (FSO), is proposed for the first time in this review for the sensory site on the forelegs of all acarines. The FSO has multiple sensory functions including olfaction, gustation, and heat detection. Preliminary transcriptomic data in ticks suggest that chemoreception in the FSO is achieved by a different mechanism from insects. There are a variety of laboratory and field bioassay methods that have been developed for the identification and characterization of attractants but minimal techniques for electrophysiology studies. Over the past three to four decades, significant progress has been made in the chemistry and analysis of function for acarine attractants in mites and ticks. In mites, attractants include aggregation, immature female, female sex and alarm pheromones; in ticks, the attraction–aggregation–attachment, assembly and sex pheromones; in mites and ticks host kairomones and plant allomones; and in mites, fungal allomones. There are still large gaps in our knowledge of chemical communication in the acarines compared to insects, especially relative to acarine pheromones, and more so for mites than ticks. However, the use of lure-and-kill and lure-enhanced biocontrol strategies has been investigated for tick and mite control, respectively, with significant environmental advantages which warrant further study.

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CO2 flagging - an improved method for the collection of questing ticks

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Behavioural responses of Ixodes ricinus nymphs to carbon dioxide and rodent odour

Behavioural responses of Ixodes ricinus nymphs to carbon dioxide and rodent odour

Evidence of Powassan/deer tick virus in adult black‐legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) recovered from hunter‐harvested white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Pennsylvania: A public health perspective

Acarine attractants: Chemoreception, bioassay, chemistry and control

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