CO2-enriched microenvironment affects sucrose and macronutrients absorption and promotes autotrophy in the in vitro culture of kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa Chev. Liang and Ferguson)

Abstract

In traditional in vitro culture, the low CO 2 concentration inside the vessels restricts photosynthesis and necessitates the addition of sucrose to the culture medium as the main energy source, thus bringing about changes in the absorption of mineral elements from the culture medium. In this study, we investigated macronutrient absorption and sugar consumption in Actinidia deliciosa Chevalier Liang and Ferguson cv. Hayward (kiwi), cultured on medium supplemented with varying amounts of sucrose (0, 10, and 20 g l −1 ) under both heterotrophy and autotrophy, flushed with different concentrations of CO 2 (non-ventilation, 300, 600, and 2,000 μl l −1 ). In ventilated systems with 20 g l −1 of sucrose, sucrose absorption was less than under non-ventilation. The lowest rate of sucrose absorption was recorded when the explants were cultured on medium supplemented with 20 g l −1 of sucrose and flushed with 600 μl l −1 CO 2 . Absorption of NO 3 − , PO 4 3− , and Mg 2+ were high (maximum) at the end of the culture period (40 d) in explants flushed with 600 μl l −1 CO 2 that have been cultured 20 d in the presence of sucrose and then transferred to a sucrose-free medium. These autotrophic conditions promoted maximum plant growth in terms of both fresh and dry mass as well as the length and number of shoots and leaves. The study shows that to maintain an optimum regime of mineral nutrition for prolonged culture of kiwi in vitro, an increased amount of these three ions should be supplemented in Murashige and Skoog's medium.

Photosynthetic efficiency and in vitro growth of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. under varied concentrations of CO2

“…73 Withdrawal of sucrose from the medium did not favour an increase in fresh and dry masses. This observation is consistent with the findings of Arigita et al with Kiwi explants 55 and Valero-Aracama et al in sea oats 56 under similar culture conditions. The reason behind this was that some cultures require an initial source of carbon from the medium until they are capable of using CO 2 from the vessel headspace as their main carbon source.…”

“…Similar synergistic effects of combinations of sucrose and CO 2 on in vitro shoot growth were observed in tobacco, 53 Wrightia tomentosa, 31 apple, 54 C. papaya 46 and Actinidia deliciosa. 55 Besides this, it was also observed that liquid medium was superior in overall growth over semi-solid medium in CO 2 -enriched conditions. CO 2 enrichment in liquid culture system was promotory for growth in Uniola paniculata 56 and Musa.…”

“…Fully photoautotrophic conditions promoted maximum plant growth in terms of both fresh and dry mass in Actinidia deliciosa. 55 In vitro culture under photoautotrophic conditions has been shown to promote the fresh and dry weight contents of several species, including, Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium kanran, and C. goeringii, 70 Hypericum perforatum, 33 Uniola paniculata 56 and Musa plantain. 35 Higher plantlet dry mass and contents of photosynthetic pigments, facilitated ex vitro acclimation and growth in Capsicum.…”

Elevated CO2 concentration promotes photosynthesis of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Pinot noir’) plantlet in vitro by regulating RbcS and Rca revealed by proteomic and transcriptomic profiles

“…CO 2 concentration inside the culture vessels decreased when plantlets grown in vitro, which limits the photosynthetic rate of the plants [4, 5]. The biomass accumulation of the in vitro cultured plants increased under photoautotrophic and CO 2 enrichment conditions, also affected nutrient absorption and secondary metabolism [6, 7].…”

In Vitro Growth of Curcuma longa L. in Response to Five Mineral Elements and Plant Density in Fed-Batch Culture Systems

“…In turmeric micropropagation, plant density and medium volume altered the amounts of nutrients used with different optimal mineral solutions required for high and low density cultures [ 20 ]. Sucrose concentration in media affects dry mass and the amount of NH 4 , NO 3 , Ca, Mg, and K taken up [ 22 ]. Multiplication and plant growth responses to plant density varied with medium volume and nutrient availability [ 23 ].…”