CO2 enhances effects of hypoxia on mortality, development, and gene expression in cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus

Parental hypoxic exposure influences performance of offspring in Callosobruchus maculatus

“…Hypoxia treatment of F1s (from normoxic parents) down‐regulated CatL and up‐regulated Hsp27 (Fig. ), consistent with our previous studies . Also as expected, their expression levels returned to pre‐hypoxia treatment level after 48 h recovery under normoxic environment following a 72 h exposure to hypoxia .…”

“…), consistent with our previous studies . Also as expected, their expression levels returned to pre‐hypoxia treatment level after 48 h recovery under normoxic environment following a 72 h exposure to hypoxia . Similar expression trends and fold changes were detected in F1 larvae derived from parents with hypoxic experience for both genes (Fig.…”

“…Molecular and biochemical data suggest that, under hypoxic environment, cowpea bruchids suppress their metabolic activity, switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration to produce ATP and induce expression of stress tolerance genes . Such adaptive responses allow surviving insects to rapidly recover normal development once they are brought to normoxic condition . In the current study, we examined the impact of parental exposure to hypoxia on the performance of the F1 generation as well as their response to hypoxia.…”

Hypoxia and hypercarbia in endophagous insects: Larval position in the plant gas exchange network is key

“…Nevertheless, hypercarbic conditions within plant tissues may amplify the detrimental effect of hypoxia on the insect. Such relationship was observed in a bruchid larva boring seeds in which it frequently experiences hypercarbic and hypoxic conditions (Cheng et al, 2013). In this example, the elevated CO 2 concentration apparently enhanced the toxicity of hypoxia in most larval stages, causing major mortality events that were not observed in hypoxic-only treatments (Cheng et al, 2013).…”

Comparison of life history and genetic properties of cowpea bruchid strains and their response to hypoxia

“…Furthermore, genome size variation is thought to contribute to life history variation (Biemont, 2008;Ellis et al, 2014;Hessen et al, 2013), yet no information is available on genome size of bruchid strains so far. In addition, although hypoxia is known to affect growth and development of cowpea bruchids (Cheng et al, 2012(Cheng et al, , 2013Mbata et al, 1996;Ofuya and Reichmuth, 1993;Storey, 1978), it is unclear whether hypoxia has differential impacts on various bruchid strains.…”