CO1-Based DNA barcoding for assessing diversity of Pteropus giganteus from the state of Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan

Abstract

The flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) also familiar with the name of the greater Indian fruit Bat belongs to the order Chiroptera and family Pteropodidae. Current research emphasis on the DNA barcoding of P. giganteus in Azad Jammu Kashmir. Bat sequences were amplified and PCR products were sequenced and examined by bioinformatics software. Congeneric and conspecific, nucleotide composition and K2P nucleotide deviation, haplotype diversity and the number of haplotypes were estimated. The analysis showed that all of the five studied samples of P. giganteus had low G contents (G 19.8%) than C (27.8%), A (25.1%) and T (27.3%) contents. The calculated haplotype diversity was 0.60% and the mean intraspecific K2P distance was 0.001% having a high number of transitional substitutions. The study suggested that P. giganteus (R=0.00) do not deviate from the neutral evolution. It was determined from the conclusion that this mtDNA gene is a better marker for identification of Bat species than nuclear genes due to its distinctive characteristics and may serve as a landmark for the identification of interconnected species at the molecular level and in the determination of population genetics.

Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Cymbidium Species (Orchidaceae) Based on the Potential DNA Barcodes matK, rbcL, psbA-trnH, and Internal Transcribed Spacer

“…DNA barcoding is a method of molecular identification that uses brief, standardized DNA sequences to rapidly determine the species of specimens [13][14][15][16]. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (CO1) has been widely accepted as a universal barcode for species identification in many animal groups [17][18][19]. Several regions of chloroplast DNA sequences, such as matK, rbcL, rpoB, rpoC1, psbA-trnH, and atpF-atpH spacers, as well as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, have been proposed as potential plant barcodes [20][21][22].…”