Co-treatment of plastics with subcritical water for valuable chemical and clean solid fuel production

Tai, Lingyu; Musivand, Sogand; Caprariis, Benedetta de; Damizia, Martina; Hamidi, Roya; Ma, Wenchao; Filippis, P. De

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130529

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The hydrothermal experiments were conducted in batch mode using low-volume reactors ( V = 12 mL). A detailed description of the experimental setup is reported in the author’s previous work . The cellulose acetate waste, ground into particles of 0.3–0.5 mm in size, was loaded into the reactor with a solid:water ratio of 1:5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed description of the experimental setup is reported in the author's previous work. 25 The cellulose acetate waste, ground into particles of 0.3−0.5 mm in size, was loaded into the reactor with a solid:water ratio of 1:5. The reactor was sealed and connected to a mechanically stirred shaft and then placed into a fluidized sand bath previously heated to the setting temperature.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Recycling of Cellulose Acetate Eyewear Industry Waste by Hydrothermal Treatment

Bracciale,

de Caprariis,

Musivand

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Cellulose acetate waste from eyewear industry is produced in considerable amounts, and its biodegradability is not straightforward due to the presence of plasticizers and the slow kinetics of deacetylation reactions. In this work, the chemical recycling of cellulose acetate waste coming from eyewear industry is proposed through hydrothermal treatment with the aim of acetic acid and diethyl phthalate recovery. Cellulose acetate was first characterized to determine the acetylation degree which was measured to be 2.45 and the amount of diethyl phthalate which was 30% by weight. Hydrothermal tests were performed in batch 10 mL reactors studying the influence of temperature (190−250 °C) and reaction time (10− 240 min). The products were characterized by gas chromatography− mass spectrometry and Fourier transformed IR analysis, in order to determine the acetic acid and diethyl phthalate recovery percentage. The maximum recovery of acetic acid, 90%, was obtained at 250 °C for a reaction time of 30 min; in these conditions, the diethyl phthalate extracted was about 20% by weight, which is 65% of recovery. The diethyl phthalate undergoes a hydrolysis reaction at high temperatures and long reaction times, decreasing its recovery degree. The diethyl phthalate is recovered mainly in the liquid phase extracted with ethanol and for 210 °C and 60 min and 190, 240 min it is almost pure (>97%), with a recovery efficiency of 87%. Cellulose decomposition products, mainly 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, were detected in the liquid products with an increase raising the reaction temperature and time. Aspen Plus simulation was performed in order to figure out the whole process including the separation of the products; a preliminary energy balance indicates that combustion of the solid residue can contribute to lower the energy required for the process, which results in 800 MJ/h for a plant capacity of 10 ton day −1 .

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrothermal Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Recycling of Cellulose Acetate Eyewear Industry Waste by Hydrothermal Treatment

Bracciale,

de Caprariis,

Musivand

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…This review and assessment focused on HTL of biomass, but HTL and hydrolysis of post-consumer plastics [133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140] for waste valorization and chemical recycling is an emerging eld. Modeling needs to be done for HTL of plastics and for mixtures of plastics and biomass, as this would extend the applicability of HTL to any mixture of biopolymers and synthetic polymers.…”

Section: Author Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and assessment of models for predicting biocrude yields from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass

Guirguis,

Seshasayee,

Motavaf

et al. 2024

RSC Sustain.

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“…The scheme of the experimental set-up is reported in Figure S1 and explained in details in authors' previous work [13].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction (Htl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both processes lead to the production of a highly viscous energy-dense liquid with a high calorific value (HHV), which is often referred to as plastic crude oil; however, HTL offers considerable advantages such as needing a lower temperature and a high carbon efficiency (biocrude yields are higher than 80%), with the resulting crude containing 5 to 15% oxygen and a calorific value (44-45 MJ/kg) similar to conventional petroleum fuels (43.4 MJ/kg). Several researchers have already studied the thermal degradation of individual plastic wastes (nylon, polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene) into value-added compounds and crude oil [13][14][15][16][17]. The yields and characteristics of the end products depend on the process conditions (the temperature, feed residence time, type of carrier gas and its flow rate) and on the feedstock type used [8,10,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viable Recycling of Polystyrene via Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Pyrolysis

et al. 2023

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Chemical recycling is considered one of the most sustainable solutions to limit the environmental issues related to plastic waste pollution, whereby plastic is converted into more valuable compounds when mechanical recycling is not feasible. Among the most critical fast-growing components of municipal solid waste, polystyrene represents 1/3 of the filling materials in landfills. In this work, the chemical recycling of polystyrene via two main thermochemical processes is investigated: pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The influence of temperature (HTL: 300–360 °C and pyrolysis: 400–600 °C) and reaction time (HTL: 1–4 h; pyrolysis: 30 min) on the products obtained was studied. The obtained liquid and solid products were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), an elemental analysis (EA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). During HTL, a temperature of 360 °C and reaction time of 4 h were needed to completely decompose the polystyrene into mainly oil (83%) and water-soluble compounds (10%). The former was mainly composed of aromatics while the water phase was mainly composed of aromatics and oxygenated compounds (benzaldehyde and acetophenone). The pyrolysis led to the formation of 45% gas and 55% oil at 500 °C, and the oil was 40% styrene. Pyrolysis was thus more selective towards the recovery of the styrene monomer while the HTL can be an effective process to produce renewable aromatics.

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Co-treatment of plastics with subcritical water for valuable chemical and clean solid fuel production

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Chemical Recycling of Cellulose Acetate Eyewear Industry Waste by Hydrothermal Treatment

Chemical Recycling of Cellulose Acetate Eyewear Industry Waste by Hydrothermal Treatment

Review and assessment of models for predicting biocrude yields from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass

Viable Recycling of Polystyrene via Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Pyrolysis

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