“…Co-teaching is often cited as the higher-order term, with team teaching being a species of co-teaching. In a hierarchy of co-teaching activities outlined by Cook and Friend (1995) and updated by Bacharach, Heck, and Dahlberg (2008), team teaching is the most collaborative and intensive version of co-teaching in which the co-teachers share instruction time, student interaction, and overall authority in the classroom. For our purposes here, we borrow from these precursors to define co-teaching as the purposeful and intentional partnership between two or more instructors, preferably from different disciplines or specialties, who collaboratively develop, plan, deliver, adapt, and assess coursework for one group of shared students in a single physical or online space (Bacharach et al, 2008;Brody, 1994;Cook & Friend, 1995;Crow & Smith, 2005;Lock, et al, 2016;Roth & Tobin, 2004).…”