CO2 semiannual oscillation in the middle troposphere and at the surface

Jiang, Xun; Chahine, Moustafa T.; Li, Qinbin; Liang, Mao‐Chang; Olsen, E. T.; Chen, Luke L.; Wang, Jingqian; Yung, Yuk L.

doi:10.1029/2011gb004118

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, CO 2 is still emitted to the atmosphere by respiration from the biosphere in winter, which has a relatively sharp peak compared with the photosynthesis term. Thus the combination of gross primary production and respiration leads to the double peaks in each year in the net ecosystem production, which contributes to the semi-annual oscillation in CO 2 (Jiang et al, 2012). The semi-annual oscillation in the background signal is consistent with this interpretation.…”

Section: Average Seasonal and Semi-annual Patternssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In contrast, the background data reflect global patterns with a drawdown in CO 2 during the summer growing season in the Northern Hemisphere. Jiang et al (2012) concluded that the semi-annual oscillation at NOAA's GLOBAL-VIEW sites is due to the combination of gross primary production and respiration of the biosphere. During the winter season, photosynthesis is largely reduced.…”

Section: Average Seasonal and Semi-annual Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO2 emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity

Xu²,

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Large urban emissions of greenhouse gases result in large atmospheric enhancements relative to background that are easily measured. Using CO2 mole fractions and Δ14C and δ13C values of CO2 in the Los Angeles megacity observed in inland Pasadena (2006–2013) and coastal Palos Verdes peninsula (autumn 2009–2013), we have determined time series for CO2 contributions from fossil fuel combustion (Cff) for both sites and broken those down into contributions from petroleum and/or gasoline and natural gas burning for Pasadena. We find a 10 % reduction in Pasadena Cff during the Great Recession of 2008–2010, which is consistent with the bottom-up inventory determined by the California Air Resources Board. The isotopic variations and total atmospheric CO2 from our observations are used to infer seasonality of natural gas and petroleum combustion. The trend of CO2 contributions to the atmosphere from natural gas combustion is out of phase with the seasonal cycle of total natural gas combustion seasonal patterns in bottom-up inventories but is consistent with the seasonality of natural gas usage by the area's electricity generating power plants. For petroleum, the inferred seasonality of CO2 contributions from burning petroleum is delayed by several months relative to usage indicated by statewide gasoline taxes. Using the high-resolution Hestia-LA data product to compare Cff from parts of the basin sampled by winds at different times of year, we find that variations in observed fossil fuel CO2 reflect seasonal variations in wind direction. The seasonality of the local CO2 excess from fossil fuel combustion along the coast, on Palos Verdes peninsula, is higher in autumn and winter than spring and summer, almost completely out of phase with that from Pasadena, also because of the annual variations of winds in the region. Variations in fossil fuel CO2 signals are consistent with sampling the bottom-up Hestia-LA fossil CO2 emissions product for sub-city source regions in the LA megacity domain when wind directions are considered.

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Section: Average Seasonal and Semi-annual Patternssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Average Seasonal and Semi-annual Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO2 emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity

Xu²,

et al. 2016

Self Cite

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“…The harmonic functions include an annual seasonal cycle and semi-annual seasonal cycle [56]. We fit Equation (1) to the five-year time series of GM-XCO 2 .…”

Section: Calculation Of Seasonal Cycle Amplitude Of Xcomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Data-Driven Assessment of Biosphere-Atmosphere Interaction Impact on Seasonal Cycle Patterns of XCO2 Using GOSAT and MODIS Observations

Baker

Lei

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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Using measurements of the column-averaged CO 2 dry air mole fraction (XCO 2 ) from GOSAT and biosphere parameters, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), leaf area index (LAI), gross primary production (GPP), and land surface temperature (LST) from MODIS, this study proposes a data-driven approach to assess the impacts of terrestrial biosphere activities on the seasonal cycle pattern of XCO 2 . A unique global land mapping dataset of XCO 2 with a resolution of 1 • by 1 • in space, and three days in time, from June 2009 to May 2014, which facilitates the assessment at a fine scale, is first produced from GOSAT XCO 2 retrievals. We then conduct a statistical fitting method to obtain the global map of seasonal cycle amplitudes (SCA) of XCO 2 and NDVI, and implement correlation analyses of seasonal variation between XCO 2 and the vegetation parameters. As a result, the spatial distribution of XCO 2 SCA decreases globally with latitude from north to south, which is in good agreement with that of simulated XCO 2 from CarbonTracker. The spatial pattern of XCO 2 SCA corresponds well to the vegetation seasonal activity revealed by NDVI, with a strong correlation coefficient of 0.74 in the northern hemisphere (NH). Some hotspots in the subtropical areas, including Northern India (with SCA of 8.68 ± 0.49 ppm on average) and Central Africa (with SCA of 8.33 ± 0.25 ppm on average), shown by satellite measurements, but missed by model simulations, demonstrate the advantage of satellites in observing the biosphere-atmosphere interactions at local scales. Results from correlation analyses between XCO 2 and NDVI, EVI, LAI, or GPP show a consistent spatial distribution, and NDVI and EVI have stronger negative correlations over all latitudes. This may suggest that NDVI and EVI can be better vegetation parameters in characterizing the seasonal variations of XCO 2 and its driving terrestrial biosphere activities. We, furthermore, present the global distribution of phase lags of XCO 2 compared to NDVI in seasonal variation, which, to our knowledge, is the first such map derived from a completely data-driven approach using satellite observations. The impact of retrieval error of GOSAT data on the mapping data, especially over high-latitude areas, is further discussed. Results from this study provide reference for better understanding the distribution of the strength of carbon sink by terrestrial ecosystems and utilizing remote sensing data in assessing the impact of biosphere-atmosphere interactions on the seasonal cycle pattern of atmospheric CO 2 columns.

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“…In addition to the trend [1][2][3] and the annual cycle [4][5][6][7][8][9], atmospheric CO 2 also demonstrates a lot of intra-seasonal [10,11] and inter-annual variability [12][13][14][15]. During the pre-satellite era, CO 2 analyses mainly utilized in-situ CO 2 measurements to investigate CO 2 variability, which is limited in space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Droughts on Mid-Tropospheric CO2

et al. 2017

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Using CO 2 data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), it is found for the first time that the mid-tropospheric CO 2 concentration is~1 part per million by volume higher during dry years than wet years over the southwestern USA from June to September. The mid-tropospheric CO 2 differences between dry and wet years are related to circulation and CO 2 surface fluxes. During drought conditions, vertical pressure velocity from NCEP2 suggests that there is more rising air over most regions, which can help bring high surface concentrations of CO 2 to the mid-troposphere. In addition to the circulation, there is more CO 2 emitted from the biosphere to the atmosphere during droughts in some regions, which can contribute to higher concentrations of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Results obtained from this study demonstrate the significant impact of droughts on atmospheric CO 2 and therefore on a feedback cycle contributing to greenhouse gas warming. It can also help us better understand atmospheric CO 2 , which plays a critical role in our climate system.

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CO₂ semiannual oscillation in the middle troposphere and at the surface

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity

Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity

A Data-Driven Assessment of Biosphere-Atmosphere Interaction Impact on Seasonal Cycle Patterns of XCO2 Using GOSAT and MODIS Observations

Influence of Droughts on Mid-Tropospheric CO2

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CO2 semiannual oscillation in the middle troposphere and at the surface

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity

Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity

A Data-Driven Assessment of Biosphere-Atmosphere Interaction Impact on Seasonal Cycle Patterns of XCO2 Using GOSAT and MODIS Observations

Influence of Droughts on Mid-Tropospheric CO2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CO₂ semiannual oscillation in the middle troposphere and at the surface

Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity

Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity