Polymer chemical
recycling to monomers (CRM) is important to help
achieve a circular plastic economy, but the “rules”
governing catalyst design for such processes remain unclear. Here,
carbon dioxide-derived polycarbonates undergo CRM to produce epoxides
and carbon dioxide. A series of dinuclear catalysts, Mg(II)M(II) where
M(II) = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, are compared for poly(cyclohexene
carbonate) depolymerizations. The recycling is conducted in the solid
state, at 140 °C monitored using thermal gravimetric analyses,
or performed at larger-scale using laboratory glassware. The most
active catalysts are, in order of decreasing rate, Mg(II)Co(II), Mg(II)Ni(II),
and Mg(II)Zn(II), with the highest activity reaching 8100 h
–1
and with >99% selectivity for cyclohexene oxide. Both the activity
and selectivity values are the highest yet reported in this field,
and the catalysts operate at low loadings and moderate temperatures
(from 1:300 to 1:5000, 140 °C). For the best heterodinuclear
catalysts, the depolymerization kinetics and activation barriers are
determined. The rates in both reverse depolymerization and forward
CHO/CO
2
polymerization catalysis show broadly similar trends,
but the processes feature different intermediates; forward polymerization
depends upon a metal–carbonate intermediate, while reverse
depolymerization depends upon a metal-alkoxide intermediate. These
dinuclear catalysts are attractive for the chemical recycling of carbon
dioxide-derived plastics and should be prioritized for recycling of
other oxygenated polymers and copolymers, including polyesters and
polyethers. This work provides insights into the factors controlling
depolymerization catalysis and steers future recycling catalyst design
toward exploitation of lightweight and abundant s-block metals, such
as Mg(II).