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            Conversion to Formic Acid in a Three Compartment Cell with Sustainion™ Membranes

Yang, Hongzhou; Kaczur, Jerry J.; Sajjad, Syed D.; Masel, Richard I.

doi:10.1149/07711.1425ecst

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…When we further lower the humidified N 2 flow rate to 10 s.c.c.m., the condensed formic acid concentration was increased to 60.5 wt.% or 14.8 M (Fig. 4d), which has never been achieved by using DI water flow 46,62 . To further push the product concentration limit, we used a 20 s.c.c.m.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to high-concentration pure formic acid solutions in an all-solid-state reactor

et al. 2020

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Electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) to liquid fuels is currently challenged by low product concentrations, as well as their mixture with traditional liquid electrolytes, such as KHCO 3 solution. Here we report an all-solid-state electrochemical CO 2 RR system for continuous generation of high-purity and high-concentration formic acid vapors and solutions. The cathode and anode were separated by a porous solid electrolyte (PSE) layer, where electrochemically generated formate and proton were recombined to form molecular formic acid. The generated formic acid can be efficiently removed in the form of vapors via inert gas stream flowing through the PSE layer. Coupling with a high activity (formate partial current densities~450 mA cm −2), selectivity (maximal Faradaic efficiency~97%), and stability (100 hours) grain boundary-enriched bismuth catalyst, we demonstrated ultra-high concentrations of pure formic acid solutions (up to nearly 100 wt.%) condensed from generated vapors via flexible tuning of the carrier gas stream.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to high-concentration pure formic acid solutions in an all-solid-state reactor

et al. 2020

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“…Bio-consumption of formic acid is preferred as it is a proton neutral process, while the consumption of formate ions generates OHwhich requires the addition of an acid (e.g., HCl) to balance the pH, thus leading to the deleterious accumulation of salt (e.g., KCl). While the vast majority of studies have used neutral to alkaline conditions for electrochemical generation of formate, recently, the efficient production of a pure formic acid solution (without electrolytes) was demonstrated 72 , thus potentially supporting a proton-balanced bio-consumption of this C1 carrier.…”

Section: Physicochemical Considerations Regarding Different Electron mentioning

confidence: 99%

Making quantitative sense of electromicrobial production

et al. 2019

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The integration of electrochemical and microbial processes offers a unique opportunity to displace fossil carbon with CO2 and renewable energy as the primary feedstocks for carbon-based chemicals. Yet, it is unclear which strategy for CO2 activation and electron transfer to microbes has the capacity to transform the chemical industry. Here, we systematically survey experimental data for microbial growth on compounds that can be produced electrochemically, either directly or indirectly. We show that only a few strategies can support efficient electromicrobial production, where formate and methanol seem the best electron mediators in terms of energetic efficiency of feedstock bio-conversion under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. We further show that direct attachment of microbes to the cathode is highly constrained due to an inherent discrepancy between the rates of the electrochemical and biological processes. Our quantitative perspective provides a data-driven roadmap towards economically and environmentally viable realization of electromicrobial production.

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“…DM has been able to successfully produce high concentrations of pure formic acid directly in an electrochemical cell from the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 (Kaczur et al, 2017 ; Yang et al, 2017a , b ). This reduces the need for acid conversion of alkali metal formate salt-based products (e.g., potassium formate) which are typically produced using these alternative electrochemical cell and process configurations.…”

Section: Electrochemical Conversion Of Co 2 To Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DM electrochemical formic acid cell configuration is based on a three-compartment design consisting of an anode compartment, a center flow compartment containing a cation ion exchange media where the formic acid product is collected and removed from the cell, and a cathode compartment where the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to formate ions occurs (Kaczur et al, 2017 ; Yang et al, 2017a , b ).…”

Section: Electrochemical Conversion Of Co 2 To Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide and Water Electrolysis Using New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranes

et al. 2018

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The recent development and market introduction of a new type of alkaline stable imidazole-based anion exchange membrane and related ionomers by Dioxide Materials is enabling the advancement of new and improved electrochemical processes which can operate at commercially viable operating voltages, current efficiencies, and current densities. These processes include the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid (HCOOH), CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO), and alkaline water electrolysis, generating hydrogen at high current densities at low voltages without the need for any precious metal electrocatalysts. The first process is the direct electrochemical generation of pure formic acid in a three-compartment cell configuration using the alkaline stable anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane. The cell operates at a current density of 140 mA/cm2 at a cell voltage of 3.5 V. The power consumption for production of formic acid (FA) is about 4.3–4.7 kWh/kg of FA. The second process is the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO, a key focus product in the generation of renewable fuels and chemicals. The CO2 cell consists of a two-compartment design utilizing the alkaline stable anion exchange membrane to separate the anode and cathode compartments. A nanoparticle IrO2 catalyst on a GDE structure is used as the anode and a GDE utilizing a nanoparticle Ag/imidazolium-based ionomer catalyst combination is used as a cathode. The CO2 cell has been operated at current densities of 200 to 600 mA/cm2 at voltages of 3.0 to 3.2 respectively with CO2 to CO conversion selectivities of 95–99%. The third process is an alkaline water electrolysis cell process, where the alkaline stable anion exchange membrane allows stable cell operation in 1 M KOH electrolyte solutions at current densities of 1 A/cm2 at about 1.90 V. The cell has demonstrated operation for thousands of hours, showing a voltage increase in time of only 5 μV/h. The alkaline electrolysis technology does not require any precious metal catalysts as compared to polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) design water electrolyzers. In this paper, we discuss the detailed technical aspects of these three technologies utilizing this unique anion exchange membrane.

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CO ₂ Conversion to Formic Acid in a Three Compartment Cell with Sustainion™ Membranes

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to high-concentration pure formic acid solutions in an all-solid-state reactor

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to high-concentration pure formic acid solutions in an all-solid-state reactor

Making quantitative sense of electromicrobial production

Carbon Dioxide and Water Electrolysis Using New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranes

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CO 2 Conversion to Formic Acid in a Three Compartment Cell with Sustainion™ Membranes

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to high-concentration pure formic acid solutions in an all-solid-state reactor

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to high-concentration pure formic acid solutions in an all-solid-state reactor

Making quantitative sense of electromicrobial production

Carbon Dioxide and Water Electrolysis Using New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CO ₂ Conversion to Formic Acid in a Three Compartment Cell with Sustainion™ Membranes