CO₂ Capture from Dilute Gases as a Component of Modern Global Carbon Management

Abstract

The growing atmospheric CO(2) concentration and its impact on climate have motivated widespread research and development aimed at slowing or stemming anthropogenic carbon emissions. Technologies for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) employing mass separating agents that extract and purify CO(2) from flue gas emanating from large point sources such as fossil fuel-fired electricity-generating power plants are under development. Recent advances in solvents, adsorbents, and membranes for postcombust- ion CO(2) capture are described here. Specifically, room-temperature ionic liquids, supported amine materials, mixed matrix and facilitated transport membranes, and metal-organic framework materials are highlighted. In addition, the concept of extracting CO(2) directly from ambient air (air capture) as a means of reducing the global atmospheric CO(2) concentration is reviewed. For both conventional CCS from large point sources and air capture, critical research needs are identified and discussed.

Molecular Motions of Adsorbed CO2 on a Tetrazole-Functionalized PIM Polymer Studied with 13C NMR

“…1 A very important potential application is postcombustion CO 2 capture from power plants and other large point sources of CO 2 emission. 2,3 The emissions from these point sources typically consist of approximately 15% CO 2 and 80% N 2 . Current technologies for CO 2 separation from a mixed gas stream have many drawbacks, which include a large energy penalty for regeneration of the sorbent, low loading capacity, and physical degradation.…”

“…2,3 The emissions from these point sources typically consist of approximately 15% CO 2 and 80% N 2 . Current technologies for CO 2 separation from a mixed gas stream have many drawbacks, which include a large energy penalty for regeneration of the sorbent, low loading capacity, and physical degradation. 4 Therefore, improvements in CO 2 capture materials can make this technology viable for carbon capture, utilization, and storage applications being envisioned for reducing atmospheric CO 2 worldwide.…”

Solid Adsorbents for Low-Temperature CO2 Capture with Low-Energy Penalties Leading to More Effective Integrated Solutions for Power Generation and Industrial Processes

“…The greatest challenge for adsorption is the development of appropriate materials that can be effectively used under processing conditions Bollini et al, 2011;Jones, 2011;Sayari et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2011a,b). In many papers, adsorption capacity is the only criterion used to evaluate adsorbents, for practical CO 2 capture applications however, there are more requirements.…”

“…Furthermore, when amine scrubbing is applied, the overall energy penalty at power plants reduces efficiency typically by 10%, representing a reduction in electricity generation of 25% for a modern supercritical coal power plant. On the other hand, some emerging technologies, such as membranes, are still in their infancy, therefore, more energy-efficient processes Recent advances on the development of CO 2 adsorbents are needed to be developed for CO 2 capture, where adsorption is one such alternative Wang et al, 2011a).The greatest challenge for adsorption is the development of appropriate materials that can be effectively used under processing conditions Bollini et al, 2011;Jones, 2011;Sayari et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2011a,b). In many papers, adsorption capacity is the only criterion used to evaluate adsorbents, for practical CO 2 capture applications however, there are more requirements.…”

Direct air capture of CO2 with chemicals: optimization of a two-loop hydroxide carbonate system using a countercurrent air-liquid contactor

“…Other proposed routes involve systems with novel contactor designs using chemical cycles (Mahmoudkhani and Keith 2009;Holmes and Keith 2012) and novel solid adsorption systems using physical cycles (Wang et al 2011;Jones 2011). This section reviews some of the constraints that will need to be satisfied in order for any DAC system to be considered practical and economic.…”